Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) IgG antibody among women of reproductive age presenting at a healthcare facility in Central Nigeria: a pilot study

Abstract

Approximately, 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide are attributable to HPV-16 and HPV-18, with HPV-associated cancers being the second most common infection-related cancers globally. However, there´s paucity of data about this infective agent in Central Nigeria. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of HPV-16 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and risk determinants among women in Central Nigeria as a first step towards evaluating anti-HPV IgM antibody for active cases and determining incidence. Blood samples were collected between August 2016 and January 2018, from 400 consenting women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who completed structured questionnaires. Samples were analyzed using HPV-16 specific IgG ELISA kits (Cusabio Co. Ltd, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed to determine predictors. Overall, we found that 128 (32.0%) had IgG antibody against HPV-16. Seroprevalence by age was 50.0% (15-19 years), 55.0% (20-24 years), 12.9% (25-29 years), 50.0% (30-34 years), 32.1% (35-39 years), 18.2% (40-44 years) and 19.4% (45-49 years) respectively. Factors associated with infection were age (P=0.0002; 95% CI 5.06-31.51), occupation (P<0.0001; 95% CI 1.4-12.6), number of sex partners (P=0.0037; 95% CI 1.27-49.93), history of genital warts (P=0.0203; 95% CI 1.34-9.55) and education level (P<0.0001; 95% CI 3.89-60.11). In addition, forty six (11.5%) reported having the history of genital warts with 268 (67.0%) and 132 (33.0%) subjects being married and single respectively. Individuals who were either artisans or civil servants were 260 (65.0%), whereas 140 (35.0%) were students. Majority, 324 (81.0%), had either primary, secondary or tertiary education with 76 (19.0%) of the subjects having no formal education. In respect of sexual behaviour, 196 (49.0%) reported having at least two sexual partners, out of which 64 (16.0%) had three or more. These findings provide high serological evidence of exposure to HPV-16 in Central Nigeria with implications for national and regional intervention initiatives.

Seroprevalence and Molecular Investigation of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type-16 in HIV Positive Women in Abakaliki, Nigeria

“…The microtiter plate provided in the ELISA kit (Cusabio Co Ltd., Germany) was pre-coated with an antigen specific to detect the HPV-16 IgG antibody in the participantsʼ sera samples. In accordance with manufacturerʼs specifications, the test procedure was conducted and the results were interpreted based on previous protocol 10,12 . The intensity of colour change was measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm using an ELISA reader (Tecan Group Ltd., Mannedorf, Switzerland).…”

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Cervical Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection among Women in Northcentral Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

“…The Republic of Congo has a reported prevalence of 23.5%, Burkina Faso has 25.4%, Benin Republic has 33.2% Rwanda has 34%, respectively (13,14,15,16). Diverse prevalence has also been reported by studies across some states in Nigeria which include studies in Kano State (17), Nasarawa (18), Osun (3), Lagos (19), Adamawa (20), Rivers (21) (26). The methods used to detect HPV in most studies contributed to the differences in prevalence observed.…”