Human perioral directional sensitivity

Essick, Gregory K; Afferica, T.; Aldershof, B.; Nestor, Jacquelyn; Kelly, Douglas G.; Whitsel, B. L.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(88)90035-0

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…No previous study reported in the literature has evaluated whether males and females differ in their sensitivity to pinprick. For other sensory capacities, however, the perioral region offemales has been shown to be more sensitive than that of males (Weinstein, 1968;LaBanc and QueryHerrera, 1986;Essick et al, 1988;Kesarwani et al, 1989;Feine et a!., 1991; but see also Henkin and Banks, 1967). For example, it is generally accepted that the orofacial region of females exhibits lower contact detection thresholds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spatial and Gender-dependent Variations in Perioral Pinprick Sensitivity

Lee

Essick

1993

J Dent Res

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Twenty-eight right-handed young adults participated in a sensory testing experiment to evaluate pinprick sensitivity at ten spatially matched sites on the right and left sides of the face. Stimuli were provided by a sharp-pointed dental explorer on which a rubber eraser had been positioned to minimize variations in the extent to which the skin was indented. Sharpness was defined as the magnitude at which abrupt, localized pricking/stinging sensations were evoked. A magnitude matching procedure was used to reduce among-subject variability in the data. Specifically, each estimate of sharpness was adjusted (i.e., divided) by the subject's mean estimate of the brightness of a visual stimulus. Prior to data collection, subjects were carefully instructed on the use of a common numerical scale for assignment of values of sharpness and brightness. Repeated-measures analysis of variance of the adjusted estimates of sharpness revealed a non-significant effect of gender (p > 0.4), a highly significant effect of side (p < 0.0001), and a highly significant effect of test site (p < 0.0001). Pinprick percepts were sharper on the left side of the face than on the right. Moreover, the vermilion of the upper lip exhibited the greatest sensitivity to pinprick; the vermilion of the lower lip exhibited the least sensitivity. These results suggest that use of a patient's sensitivity to pinprick during clinical neurosensory examination must be undertaken in an informed manner. A conclusion of pathological alteration in sensation can be made only after consideration of the normal spatial variations in the percept of sharpness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spatial and Gender-dependent Variations in Perioral Pinprick Sensitivity

Lee

Essick

1993

J Dent Res

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“…Other authors have reported that the peak perioral sensitivity of females was significantly greater than the peak sensitivity of males. 21 Another study showed that females were more spatially sensitive than males, especially at the perioral region. The investigators reported that females have a greater ability to discern subtle changes in lip, cheek and chin position than males.…”

Section: Chewing Abilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex differences in denture satisfaction

Pan

Awad

Thomason

et al. 2008

Journal of Dentistry

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“…The ordinate ofthe plot predicts the best motion that can be attained on a relative scale, calculated from the magnitude estimates provided by the subjects. Only for the shortest separation between two stimuli (0.4 em) did the range of apparent velocities (viz., 1.8 to 35 ern/sec) coincide with the range useful for studying direction discrimination on the face (0.5 to 32 em/sec; Essick, Afferica, et al, 1988). Moreover, as suggested by the negative slopes of the regression lines, the best percepts of apparent motion decreased in quality with increases in apparent velocity [F(I,56) = 13.2,p < .05].…”

Section: Llll2mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In this situation, the probes rose and fell in a regular, step-locked rhythm to simulate an edge-like or rectangular object moving across the skin. The goodness of motion so attained was relatively independent of the apparent velocity of motion.The movement of a natural object across the skin evokes a rich perceptual experience and one that is acutely sensitive to subtle changes in the physical parameters of stimulation (see, e.g., Essick, Afferica, et al, 1988;Essick, Dolan, Turvey, Kelly, & Whitsel, 1990;Essick, Whitsel, Dolan, & Kelly, 1989). The richness of the percept is hypothesized to reflect, in part, the complexity of the stimulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evocation and characterization of percepts of apparent motion on the face

Szaniszlo

Essick

Kelly

et al. 1998

Perception & Psychophysics

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The percepts evoked by sequential stimulation of sites in close spatial proximity (::=; 2.5 em) on the face were studied. Both method-of-limits and magnitude-estimation procedures were used to identify and characterize alterations in the percepts produced by systematic changes in the temporal and spatial parameters of the sequence. Each site was stimulated by a vertically oriented row of miniature vibrating probes. Apparent motion was consistently perceived when the delay between the onsets of sequentially activated rows (interstimulus onset interval, or ISOl) fell within a relatively narrow range of values, the lower limit of which approximated 5 msec. Both the upper limit and the perceived smoothness and continuity of the motion percepts (goodness of motion) increased with the duration for which each row stimulated the skin over the range evaluated, 15-185 msec. For the successive activation of only two rows, goodness of motion was not influenced by changes in their separation from 0.4 to 2.5 cm. The ISOl values at which magnitude estimates of goodness of motion were highest increased with the duration for which each row stimulated the skin. As such, maximum goodness of motion decreased with increases in the apparent velocity of motion. When the number of sequentially activated rows was increased from two to four or more, the quality of the motion percepts improved. For the successive activation of multiple closely spaced rows, values of ISOI at which numerical estimates of goodness of motion were highest approximated integral fractions of the duration for which each row stimulated the skin. In this situation, the probes rose and fell in a regular, step-locked rhythm to simulate an edge-like or rectangular object moving across the skin. The goodness of motion so attained was relatively independent of the apparent velocity of motion.The movement of a natural object across the skin evokes a rich perceptual experience and one that is acutely sensitive to subtle changes in the physical parameters of stimulation (see, e.g., Essick, Afferica, et al., 1988;Essick, Dolan, Turvey, Kelly, & Whitsel, 1990;Essick, Whitsel, Dolan, & Kelly, 1989). The richness of the percept is hypothesized to reflect, in part, the complexity of the stimulation. For example, a moving brush stimulus not only translates across but also laterally stretches the skin. The two mechanical actions (translation and stretch) generate unique stresses and strains, to which peripheral neural encoding mechanisms are differentially sensitive (Edin, Essick, Trulsson, & Olsson, 1995). To better understand tactile motion perception, we studied the percepts evoked by stimuli that elicit response patterns in the cutaneous mechanoreceptors that are much simpler than those elicited by a natural moving stimulus (see Essick, Rath, Kelly, James, & Murray, 1996). These stimuli were generated by a dense-array tactile stimulator that consisted of a matrix of independently controlled probes, each of which vibrated a small area of skin. With this device, a stimulus tha...

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Human perioral directional sensitivity

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Spatial and Gender-dependent Variations in Perioral Pinprick Sensitivity

Spatial and Gender-dependent Variations in Perioral Pinprick Sensitivity

Sex differences in denture satisfaction

Evocation and characterization of percepts of apparent motion on the face

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