Human Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Boric Acid

Schou, Jens; Jansen, Jens Aas; Aggerbeck, B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69132-4_32

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Five days later, the plasma concentration had fallen to 4 ppm, and the patient had excreted about 1.5 g of boron. The half-life of boron in this poisoning case was calculated to be about 29 hr, very near the half-life of boron in dogs as reported by Pfeiffer et al (23) and in humans as reported by Schou et al (25). (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Chemical disposition of boron in animals and humans.

Moseman¹

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Elemental boron was isolated in 1808. It typically occurs in nature as borates hydrated with varying amounts of water. Important compounds are boric acid and borax. Boron compounds are also used in the production of metals, enamels, and glasses. In trace amounts, boron is essential for the growth of many plants, and is found in animal and human tissues at low concentrations. Poisoning in humans has been reported as the result of accidental ingestion or use of large amounts in the treatment of burns. Boron as boric acid is fairly rapidly absorbed and excreted from the body via urine. The half-life of boric acid in humans is on the order of 1 day. Boron does not appear to accumulate in soft tissues of animals, but does accumulate in bone. Normal levels of boron in soft tissues, urine, and blood generally range from less than 0.05 ppm to no more than 10 ppm. In poisoning incidents, the amount of boric acid in brain and liver tissue has been reported to be as high as 2000 ppm. Recent studies at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences have indicated that boron may contribute to reduced fertility in male rodents fed 9000 ppm of boric acid in feed. Within a few days, boron levels in blood and most soft tissues quickly reached a plateau of about 15 ppm. Boron in bone did not appear to plateau, reaching 47 ppm after 7 days on the diet. Cessation of exposure to dietary boron resulted in a rapid drop in bone boron. The analytical methodology developed and validated for these tissues consisted of microwave digestion of samples in concentrated nitric acid, followed by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy analyses. The recovery of added boron from tissue samples was quantitative. The precision and accuracy were typically better than 6% and 12%, respectively. The method detection limit is typically 0.02 to 0.04 ppm of boron, depending on the sample matrix. -Environ Health Perspect 102 (Suppl 7): 113-117 (1994)

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Chemical disposition of boron in animals and humans.

Moseman¹

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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“…29 The pharmacological properties of BA, including ease of handling, low toxicity, an almost complete clearance via urine within 24 hours and the fact that it is not metabolized make it an attractive cancer treatment candidate. 28,[35][36][37][38][39] To date, five published studies have focused on the potential of BA to control progression of cancer at the cellular level. 17,18,20,21,40 Of these, only one study examined the ability of BA to inhibit prostate cancer cell migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylboronic acid selectively inhibits human prostate and breast cancer cell migration and decreases viability

Bradke

Hall

Carper

et al. 2008

Cell Adhesion & Migration

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We compared the in vitro effect of boric acid (BA) versus phenylboronic acid (PBA) on the migration of prostate and breast cancer cell lines and non-tumorigenic cells from the same tissues. Treatment at 24 hours with BA (≤500 μM) did not inhibit chemotaxis on fibronectin in any cell line. However, treatment over the same time course with concentrations of PBA as low as 1 μM significantly inhibited cancer cell migration without effecting nontumorigenic cell lines. The compounds did not affect cell adhesion or viability at 24 hours but did alter morphology; both decreased cancer cell viability at eight days. These results suggest that PBA is more potent than BA in targeting the metastatic and proliferative properties of cancer cells.

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“…However, the safety of boric acid in ordinary use is supported by a survey of dermatologists (4), by recent studies of ophthalmic ointments (8), by dermatologic use of ointments * Corresponding author. on neonates (5), and by two pharmacokinetic studies of oral (14) and intravenous (9) optical density measurements to give approximately 106 CFU/ml of sample. From 0.1 to 0.5 ml of the standardized suspension was then added to each 100-ml portion of minimal medium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of borate-buffered solutions

Houlsby¹,

Ghajar²,

Chavez³

1986

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A minimal salts medium adjusted to physiological pH and osmolality was buffered with either 0.3% phosphate or 1.2% borate and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The borate-buffered medium, either with or without a carbon source, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against 15 Pseudomonas strains, 12 strains of enteric bacteria, and 7 strains of staphylococci. The borate-buffered system appears suitable for use as a generic vehicle for ophthalmic pharmaceutical agents.In 1958, Kingma summarized the pharmacology and toxicology of boron compounds (10 on neonates (5), and by two pharmacokinetic studies of oral (14) and intravenous (9) administration.The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 1.22% borate buffer in a minimal salts medium, with and without a carbon source (glucose). For comparison, phosphate-buffered and unbuffered minimal salts media were also evaluated. The antimicrobial activity of the solutions was evaluated as a function of the log change in viable cell count over 28 days. The significance of the results as they relate to the preservative effectiveness test described by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP XXI) and their application to ophthalmic pharmaceuticals is discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODSMicoorganisms. The microorganisms that were tested are listed in Tables 1 to 4. They were obtained from several different sources, including clinical, environmental, and product isolates.Defined media. Minimal media used with the Pseudomonas strains contained 0.04% (NH4)2SO4 and 0.05% MgSO4, either unbuffered, buffered with 0.10% KH2PO4 7H20 and 0.02% Na2HPO4, or buffered with 1.00% boric acid and 0.22% Na2B407 10H20. The minimal medium for the enteric bacteria and staphylococci contained 0.04% (NH4)2SO4, 0.02% MgSO4 7H2O, 0.02% CaC12 * 2H20, 0.0025% Na,MoO4 2H20, and 1.00% vitamin solution. The vitamin solution was prepared separately at 10Ox concentration and filter sterilized. The final concentrations were 0.0005% calcium pantothenate, 0.0001% thiamine hydrochloride, 0.0001% pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.0001% biotin, and 0.0001% nicotinic acid. Each solution was made isotonic with 0.9% NaCl by calculating the salt equivalent of each ingredient and adding the appropriate amount of NaCl. The pH of each solution was adjusted to 7.00 ± 0.2 with hydrochloride or KOH. The glucose, MgSO4, CaCl2, and NaMoO4 were autoclaved separately at 10Ox concentration and then aseptically transferred to the minimal media.The microorganisms were transferred from nutrient broth to the defined minimal medium containing phosphate and glucose. After the microorganisms adapted and began growing in the minimal medium, a second 24-h culture was used for each experiment. The respective cultures were harvested by centrifugation, washed three times in distilled water, and standardized at A500 to give approximately 106 CFU/ml.The staphylococci were unable to grow in the minimal medium without the addition of amino acids. They were therefore harvested directly from the tryptic soy broth, washed three times in d...

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Human Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Boric Acid

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Chemical disposition of boron in animals and humans.

Chemical disposition of boron in animals and humans.

Phenylboronic acid selectively inhibits human prostate and breast cancer cell migration and decreases viability

Antimicrobial activity of borate-buffered solutions

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