Human placental development and function

Cindrová‐Davies, Tereza; Sferruzzi‐Perri, Amanda N.

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.039

Cited by 102 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…As a link between mother and fetus, the placenta has the functions of material exchange, barrier, immunity, and others ( 43 ). For some substances, however, the placental barrier does not completely block MTCT.…”

Section: T Cells and Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hepatitis B virus infection and strategies for preventing mother-to-child transmission on maternal and fetal T-cell immunity

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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One of the most common routes of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Approximately 6.4 million children under the age of five have chronic HBV infections worldwide. HBV DNA high level, HBeAg positivity, placental barrier failure, and immaturity of the fetal immune are the possible causes of chronic HBV infection. The passive-active immune program for children, which consists of the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and antiviral therapy for pregnant women who have a high HBV DNA load (greater than 2 × 105 IU/ml), are currently two of the most important ways to prevent the transmission of HBV from mother to child. Unfortunately, some infants still have chronic HBV infections. Some studies have also found that some supplementation during pregnancy can increase cytokine levels and then affect the level of HBsAb in infants. For example, IL-4 can mediate the beneficial effect on infants’ HBsAb levels when maternal folic acid supplementation. In addition, new research has indicated that HBV infection in the mother may also be linked to unfavorable outcomes such as gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and premature rupture of membranes. The changes in the immune environment during pregnancy and the hepatotropic nature of HBV may be the main reasons for the adverse maternal outcomes. It is interesting to note that after delivery, the women who had a chronic HBV infection may spontaneously achieve HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg seroclearance. The maternal and fetal T-cell immunity in HBV infection is important because adaptive immune responses, especially virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses, are largely responsible for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during HBV infection. Meanwhile, HBV humoral and T-cell responses are important for the durability of protection after fetal vaccination. This article reviews the literature on immunological characteristics of chronic HBV-infected patients during pregnancy and postpartum, blocking mother-to-child transmissions and related immune mechanisms, hoping to provide new insights for the prevention of HBV MTCT and antiviral intervention during pregnancy and postpartum.

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Section: T Cells and Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hepatitis B virus infection and strategies for preventing mother-to-child transmission on maternal and fetal T-cell immunity

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…The SCV’s embryonic vasculature integrates with the embryonic mesoderm, forming tertiary chorionic villi (TCV). The syncytiotrophoblast secretes many proteins, including progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and other substances ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

et al. 2023

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors are substances that are either naturally occurring or artificial and are released into the natural environment. Humans are exposed to EDCs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Many everyday household items, such as plastic bottles and containers, the liners of metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food, gadgets, cosmetics, and pesticides, contain endocrine disruptors. Each hormone has a unique chemical makeup and structural attributes. The way that endocrine hormones connect to receptors is described as a “lock and key” mechanism, with each hormone serving as the key (lock). This mechanism is enabled by the complementary shape of receptors to their hormone, which allows the hormone to activate the receptors. EDCs are described as exogenous chemicals or compounds that have a negative impact on organisms’ health by interacting with the functioning of the endocrine system. EDCs are associated with cancer, cardiovascular risk, behavioural disorders, autoimmune abnormalities, and reproductive disorders. EDCs exposure in humans is highly harmful during critical life stages. Nonetheless, the effect of EDCs on the placenta is often underestimated. The placenta is especially sensitive to EDCs due to its abundance of hormone receptors. In this review, we evaluated the most recent data on the effects of EDCs on placental development and function, including heavy metals, plasticizers, pesticides, flame retardants, UV filters and preservatives. The EDCs under evaluation have evidence from human biomonitoring and are found in nature. Additionally, this study indicates important knowledge gaps that will direct future research on the topic.

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“…Mounting evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays an important role in cancer ( Lei et al, 2022 ), neurodegenerative diseases ( Ryan et al, 2022 ), and ischemia/reperfusion injury, such as acute kidney injury ( Fan et al, 2022 ), acute myocardial infarction ( Miyamoto et al, 2022 ), and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury ( Ye et al, 2022a ), and autoimmune disease, like psoriasis ( Zhou et al, 2022 ) and rheumatoid arthritis ( Long et al, 2022 ), Serving as the maternal-fetal interface, placenta plays a central role in maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Placenta insufficiency, however, is tightly associated with pregnancy related diseases (PRDs), such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) ( Cindrova-Davies and Sferruzzi-Perri, 2022 ). Recently, there has been a growing appreciation for the importance of ferroptosis in PRDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ferroptosis in pregnancy related diseases and its therapeutic potential

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron overload, overwhelming lipid peroxidation, and disruption of antioxidant systems. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis is associated with pregnancy related diseases, such as spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and spontaneous preterm birth. According to these findings, inhibiting ferroptosis might be a potential option to treat pregnancy related diseases. This review summarizes the mechanisms and advances of ferroptosis, the pathogenic role of ferroptosis in pregnancy related diseases and the potential medicines for its treatment.

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Human placental development and function

Cited by 102 publications

References 180 publications

Effects of hepatitis B virus infection and strategies for preventing mother-to-child transmission on maternal and fetal T-cell immunity

Effects of hepatitis B virus infection and strategies for preventing mother-to-child transmission on maternal and fetal T-cell immunity

The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development

Role of ferroptosis in pregnancy related diseases and its therapeutic potential

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