Drucker (1989) to describe individuals who carry knowledge as a powerful resource which they, rather than the organisation, own. Knowledge work can be said to be of an intellectual nature and where well qualified employees form a significant part of the workforce (Alvesson, 2000). There is, nonetheless, an acknowledged ambiguity in attempting to conclusively define the notion of a knowledge worker and knowledge intensive firms (KIFs) (Alvesson, 1993). Ulrich (1998) posits that, with knowledge work increasing, intellectual capital is a firm's only appreciable asset. Vogt (1995) defines a knowledge worker as a person with the motivation and capacity to co-create new insights and the capability to communicate, coach and facilitate the implementation of new ideas. The work is non-repetitive and results-oriented, using both 'traditional' scientific methods and the need for continuous learning, intuition, new mindsets and imagination. But some of these concepts may be contradictory and somewhat idealised, according to Alvesson (1993Alvesson ( : 1000Alvesson ( -1004. He notes that the work of knowledge workers is more aptly characterised as 'ambiguity intensive' than 'knowledge intensive'. These workers may have both a traditional knowledge type linking science and rational analytical problem solving and requisite knowledge, as well as a particular subjectivity requiring an ability to deal with complexity and uncertainty. The latter requires intuition, creativity, flexibility and social skills.There is an emerging literature and research evidence on specific HR strategies, practices and organisational blueprints for attracting, motivating and retaining these Finders, keepers? Attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers workers Hannan, 2002, Hewitt & Associates, 2001). Alvesson and Karreman (2001), drawing from a review of the literature and case studies, argue that 'knowledge management is as likely, or more so, to operate as a practice for managing people or information than as a practice attuned towards facilitating knowledge creation ' (2001: 1). The knowledge worker has individual and personal knowledge, and organisations are increasingly seeking ways of transforming this into shared social knowledge deployed for organisational goals.Our research investigates effective HR strategies and practices for attracting, motivating and retaining knowledge workers. Our work considers multinational and local knowledge-intensive firms (KIFs) in six sectors and has two key aims:• to determine the best or the most effective HR practices for managing knowledge workers, for proposing a schema for attracting, motivating and retaining these workers; and • to explore the notion whether there is a distinctive set of HR practices for managing knowledge workers and other workers in general. Secondary aims are: • to provide a generic definition of knowledge-based firms acceptable to most respondents;• to compare the acceptable and unacceptable turnover of knowledge workers in relation to other employees and the suite of HR p...