Human Presence Detection Using Millimeter-Wave Radiometry

Nanzer, Jeffrey A.; Rogers, Robert L.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2007.909872

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Recently, it has been applied to the detection of human presence in highly cluttered outdoor environments [6], [7]. Detection at millimeter-wave frequencies has many benefits, including near all-weather capability [8] and minimal transmission loss through clothing materials [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Interferometric Angular Velocity Detection

Nanzer

2010

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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A new method of detecting the angular velocity of moving objects using correlation interferometry is presented. As an object passes through the interferometer beam pattern, the frequency of the signal response is directly proportional to the angular velocity of the object. Only a simple frequency analysis is required to measure the velocity, whereas typical techniques require angle estimation and multiple looks to calculate the rate of angular change over time. The general response of the interferometer is derived, as well as the fringe frequency. The method is verified by detecting the angular velocity of a walking human with a millimeter-wave correlation interferometer, and experimental results of a walking human are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Interferometric Angular Velocity Detection

Nanzer

2010

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…The emissivity of a human body in the microwave band was considered to be 0.65, as reported in [22,28]. The microwave absorbing material ensures a background emissivity close to 1 ( e bkg = 0.99 was assumed).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Sensor Based on a Single-Pixel Microwave Radiometer for Warm Object Counting: Concept Validation and IoT Perspectives

Alimenti

Bonafoni

Roselli

2017

Sensors

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Controlled measurements by a low-cost single-pixel microwave radiometer operating at 12.65 GHz were carried out to assess the detection and counting capability for targets warmer than the surroundings. The adopted reference test targets were pre-warmed water and oil; and a hand, both naked and wearing a glove. The results showed the reliability of microwave radiometry for counting operations under controlled conditions, and its effectiveness at detecting even warm targets masked by unheated dielectric layers. An electromagnetic model describing the scenario sensed by the radiometer antenna is proposed, and comparison with the experimental observations shows a good agreement. The measurements prove that reliable counting is enabled by an antenna temperature increment, for each target sample added, of around 1 K. Starting from this value, an analysis of the antenna filling factor was performed to provide an instrument useful for evaluating real applicability in many practical situations. This study also allows the direct people counting problem to be addressed, providing preliminary operational indications, reference numbers and experimental validation.

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“…The true positive rate (TPR) quantifies how well the sensor identifies humans when they are present, and is defined by TPR = (number of correct detections)/(total number of detections present). Since the number of correct non-detections (where a human is not present) is so large, the data set is imbalanced [6], thus metrics used to measure the performance of detectors under imbalanced data sets are used: the Fl-measure, given by F 1 = 2PxTPRI(P+TPR), where the precision P = (number of correct detections)/(number of correct detections + number of incorrect detections); and the geometric mean ofP and TPR: G mean = .JPxTPR. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%