Human presence in the European Arctic nearly 40,000 years ago

Pavlov, Pavel; Svendsen, John Inge; Indrelid, Svein

doi:10.1038/35092552

Cited by 137 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This agrees with the fact that humans were occupying areas inside the Arctic Circle up to 10ka before the occupation at Kraków Spadzista (e.g. Pavlov et al, 2001;Pitulko et al, 2004), and were not excluded from northern Europe during the LGM period that followed the occupation at Kraków Spadzista (e.g. Street and Terberger, 1999).…”

Section: Humans and Climate At Kraków Spadzista Street (B)supporting

confidence: 74%

“…Yet although early AMH had evolved in warm African climates and therefore lacked specific morphological adaptations to the cold, archaeological sites in Europe have indicated that some of the earliest AMH in Europe were able to colonise regions further north than the native Neanderthals reached in over 200ka (e.g. Mamontovaya Kurya in NW Russia; Pavlov et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating climate at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), Poland, using oxygen isotopes

Pryor¹,

O’Connell²,

Wojtal³

et al. 2013

Quaternary International

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Between 50,000 and 20,000 years ago, Europe experienced a series of rapid climate change events known as the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, which may have made areas of northern Europe more attractive for occupation by early modern humans at certain times than at others. This paper investigates when humans were occupying northern Europe in relation to these climatic changes at the archaeological site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), by applying oxygen isotope analysis of mammoth tooth enamel carbonates (δ18O and δ13C) found at the site. The new isotopic data suggest that mean annual temperatures at Kraków Spadzista were 4-9oC colder than present and, based on comparisons with previously published isotopic data for mammoth in Europe, we argue that the Kraków assemblage most likely formed during a cold Dansgaard-Oeschger event. This suggests modern humans were able to occupy and survive in this area of northern Europe during the harsh cold phases that affected Europe at this time. ABSTRACTBetween 50,000 and 20,000 years ago, Europe experienced a series of rapid climate change events known as the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, which may have made areas of northern Europe more attractive for occupation by early modern humans at certain times than at others. This paper investigates when humans were occupying northern Europe in relation to these climatic changes at the archaeological site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), by applying oxygen isotope analysis of mammoth tooth enamel carbonates (δ 18 O and δ 13 C) found at the site. The new isotopic data suggest that mean annual temperatures at Kraków Spadzista were 4-9 o C colder than present and, based on comparisons with previously published isotopic data for mammoth in Europe, we argue that the Kraków assemblage most likely formed during a cold DansgaardOeschger event. This suggests modern humans were able to occupy and survive in this area of northern Europe during the harsh cold phases that affected Europe at this time.

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Section: Humans and Climate At Kraków Spadzista Street (B)supporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating climate at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), Poland, using oxygen isotopes

Pryor¹,

O’Connell²,

Wojtal³

et al. 2013

Quaternary International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The site of Mamontovaya Kurya, located on the Arctic Circle in northern Russia and dating to Ͼ40,000 cal BP, contains artifacts similar to those of Kostenki 12, layer III (53). It may also represent a short-term occupation related to large mammal procurement (and only seasonal use of high latitude areas?…”

Section: Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

The spread of modern humans in Europe

Hoffecker

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

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The earliest credible evidence of Homo sapiens in Europe is an archaeological proxy in the form of several artifact assemblages (Bohunician) found in South-Central and possibly Eastern Europe, dating to <48,000 calibrated radiocarbon years before present (cal BP). They are similar to assemblages probably made by modern humans in the Levant (Emiran) at an earlier date and apparently represent a population movement into the Balkans during a warm climate interval [Greenland Interstadial 12 (GI 12)]. A second population movement may be represented by a diverse set of artifact assemblages (sometimes termed Proto-Aurignacian) found in the Balkans, parts of Southwest Europe, and probably in Eastern Europe, and dating to several brief interstadials (GI 11-GI 9) that preceded the beginning of cold Heinrich Event 4 (HE4) (Ϸ40,000 cal BP). They are similar to contemporaneous assemblages made by modern humans in the Levant (Ahmarian). The earliest known human skeletal remains in Europe that may be unequivocally assigned to H. sapiens (Peçstera cu Oase, Romania) date to this time period (Ϸ42,000 cal BP) but are not associated with artifacts. After the Campanian Ignimbrite volcanic eruption (40,000 cal BP) and the beginning of HE4, artifact assemblages assigned to the classic Aurignacian, an industry associated with modern human skeletal remains that seems to have developed in Europe, spread throughout the continent.archaeology ͉ Neanderthals ͉ Homo sapiens ͉ Western Eurasia

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“…Thus, glacial ice was not a particular impediment to human travel in the Siberian arctic during the LGM. It is obvious that people were exploiting arctic coastal, or near-coastal, resources early on, with archeological sites dating to between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago in the Russian arctic (e.g., Pitulko et al 2004;Pavlov et al 2001). Nevertheless, archeological evidence for human occupation of interior northeast Siberia from the onset of the LGM over 25 kya until initiation of glacial retreats is effectively absent (Goebel et al 2003).…”

Section: Paleoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contradictions and Concordances in American Colonization Models

O’Rourke

2011

Evo Edu Outreach

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The traditional view of American colonization during the late Pleistocene has largely been conditioned on early conceptions of the timing and extent of continental glaciations and the age and distribution of archeological sites. A review of newer, high resolution genetic data, both from modern populations and ancient DNA samples, along with the emergence of several early archeological sites in both North and South America, and reconsiderations of the glacial dynamics in North America indicate that some aspects of the traditional view need reconsideration. It seems obvious from archeological data that a preglacial occupation of the Americas needs to be closely examined. Accumulating molecular genetic data raises new questions about the timing and population size of the initial colonization(s), while a closer examination of glacial models suggests that a number of routes into the Americas may have been available until fairly late in the last glacial cycle.

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Human presence in the European Arctic nearly 40,000 years ago

Cited by 137 publications

References 11 publications

Investigating climate at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), Poland, using oxygen isotopes

Investigating climate at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), Poland, using oxygen isotopes

The spread of modern humans in Europe

Contradictions and Concordances in American Colonization Models

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