Human prolactin and thyrotropin concentrations in the serums of normal and hypopituitary children before and after the administration of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Foley, Thomas P.; Jacobs, Laurence S.; Hoffman, William H.; Daughaday, William H.; Blizzard, Robert M.

doi:10.1172/jci107021

Cited by 80 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Gynecomastia is a common finding among pubertal boys; usually, it is limited to a nodule of subareolar tissue, and ordinarily the breast enlargement begins during the early stages of the pubertal process and thereafter regresses within [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] mo. Levels of plasma testosterone (T),' estradiol-17# (E2), serum luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in boys with pubertal gynecomastia are not significantly different from those in unaffected boys (1), although a relative increase in the level of plasma E2 compared with that of T during certain times of the day has been found (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial gynecomastia with increased extraglandular aromatization of plasma carbon19-steroids.

Berkovitz

Guerami

Brown³

et al. 1985

J. Clin. Invest.

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We evaluated a family in which gynecomastia occurred in five males in two generations. In each affected subject, gynecomastia and male sexual maturation began at an early age. The ratio of the concentration of plasma estradiol-17#6 to that of plasma testosterone was elevated in each affected subject. In the three siblings with gynecomastia, the transfer constant of conversion of androstenedione to estrone (i.e., the fraction of plasma androstenedione that was converted to estrone as measured in the urine) was 10 times that of normal persons. The transfer constant of conversion of testosterone to estradiol-170 in the one subject studied also was 8-10 times that of normal men, whereas the transfer constants of conversion of estrone to estradiol-17j0 and of estradiol-17,6 to estrone were normal.Despite the elevation in extraglandular aromatase activity, there was a normal response of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to provocative stimuli. This is the second documentation of gynecomastia that is associated with increased extraglandular aromatase activity, and the first time that the defect was found to be familial with a probable X-linked (or autosomal dominant, sex limited) mode of inheritance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial gynecomastia with increased extraglandular aromatization of plasma carbon19-steroids.

Berkovitz

Guerami

Brown³

et al. 1985

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Two examples of these alterations are the increased PRL response to TRH (1,2) and the stimulation of GH secretion by TRH in hypothyroid children (3) and adults (4); these responses do not occur in normal subjects (5). It has been shown that many children suffering from congenital hypothyroidism manifest high serum TSH concentrations for prolonged periods despite adequate replacement therapy, clinical euthyrodism, and normal serum levels of thyroid hormones (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Prolactin, and Growth Hormone Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Treated Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism

et al. 1985

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ABSTRACT. The purpose of the present study was to assess thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, and growth hormone responses to TRH stimulation in 12 congenitally hypothyroid children adequately treated with Lthyroxine from the first weeks of life. Although clinically euthyroid, six of these children were found to have abnormally high basal serum TSH concentrations despite clinical euthyroidism. Serum triiodothyroxine and L-thyroxine concentrations were normal and did not differ whether the children had elevated or normal basal serum TSH. All six of the children with high basal TSH had an exaggerated TSH response to TRH and 4 of them also had an augmented prolactin response to TRH. The children with normal basal TSH concentrations had normal TSH and prolactin responses to TRH. An abnormal ("paradoxical") elevation of growth hormone concentration in response to TRH was found in four of seven children in a separate group of patients who had prolonged, untreated primary hypothyroidism, but such responses were not found in any of the adequately treated children. These findings suggest the following conclusions: 1) the phenomenon of high serum concentrations of TSH ip conjunction with normal L-thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels (and clinical euthyroidism), is prevalent in congenital hypothyroid patients. 2) These patients have an exaggerated response of their pituitary thyrotroph and lactotroph cells to TRH, presumably caused by selective and relative resistance of these cells to the inhibitory effects of thyroid hormones. 3) Congenital hypothyroidism is not associated with abnormal somatotroph cell responses to TRH. (Pediatr Res 19: 1037-1039,1985 Abbreviations GH, growth hormone PRL, prolactin T3, triiodothyronine T4, L-thyroxine TRH, thyrotropin releasing hormone TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone CH, congenital hypothyroidism tary regulation are well known in hypothyroid patients. Two examples of these alterations are the increased PRL response to TRH (1, 2) and the stimulation of GH secretion by TRH in hypothyroid children (3) and adults (4); these responses do not occur in normal subjects (5). It has been shown that many children suffering from congenital hypothyroidism manifest high serum TSH concentrations for prolonged periods despite adequate replacement therapy, clinical euthyrodism, and normal serum levels of thyroid hormones (7-10). It was suggested that this is due to an elevated threshold for thyrotroph cell TSH suppression by thyroid hormones. The purpose of the present study was to examine both the pituitary-thyroid negative feedback relationship and lactotroph and somatotroph regulation in children with congenital hypothyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODSTRH tests were performed in 19 children. Group A consisted of 12 congenitally hypothyroid patients aged 1.6 to 9.3 yr attending our clinic for congenital hypothyroidism. All were diagnosed by neonatal thyroid screening during the first weeks of life, and all were treated from the time of diagnosis with T4 and followed by one of us (J.S.). Serum...

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“…There is, however, relatively little information on the PRL response to TRH in children (Foley et al 1972;Kaplan et al 1972;Okada et al 1978 ;Suter et al 1978 ;Roitman et al 1980;Abe et al 1982Abe et al , 1983). Since it has been known that PRL plays some role for breast development (Frantz 1981) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in children with gynecomastia, premature thelarche and idiopathic precocious puberty.

Abe

Matsuura

Nohara

et al. 1984

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Human prolactin and thyrotropin concentrations in the serums of normal and hypopituitary children before and after the administration of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Cited by 80 publications

References 17 publications

Familial gynecomastia with increased extraglandular aromatization of plasma carbon19-steroids.

Familial gynecomastia with increased extraglandular aromatization of plasma carbon19-steroids.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Prolactin, and Growth Hormone Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Treated Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism

Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in children with gynecomastia, premature thelarche and idiopathic precocious puberty.

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