Human Reproductive Ecology

Valeggia, Claudia; Mora, Alejandra Núñez-de la

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802652-6.00021-9

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…In many small-scale societies grandmothers in particular play vital supporting roles in childcare [9,13,51,52], but this does not necessarily involve direct interactions with infants or children [49,51,53]. Among Tsimane and other high-fertility small-scale populations, women experience a relatively fair amount of reproductive overlap with their mothers, which may also help explain the low levels of grandmaternal care [54]. Grandmothers may nevertheless provide crucial help with arduous domestic tasks while their daughters engage in direct childcare [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussions of patrilocal residence on mothers' social support networks among Tsimane forager–farmers

Seabright

Alami

Kraft

et al. 2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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While it is commonly thought that patrilocality is associated with worse outcomes for women and their children due to lower social support, few studies have examined whether the structure of female social networks covaries with post-marital residence. Here, we analyse scan sample data collected among Tsimane forager–farmers. We compare the social groups and activity partners of 181 women residing in the same community as their parents, their husband's parents, both or neither. Relative to women living closer to their in-laws, women living closer to their parents are less likely to be alone or solely in the company of their nuclear family (odds ratio (OR): 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9), and more likely to be observed with others when engaging in food processing and manufacturing of market or household goods, but not other activities. Women are slightly more likely to receive childcare support from outside the nuclear family when they live closer to their parents (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 0.8–3.9). Their social group size and their children's probability of receiving allocare decrease significantly with distance from their parents, but not their in-laws. Our findings highlight the importance of women's proximity to kin, but also indicate that patrilocality per se is not costly to Tsimane women. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives’.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussions of patrilocal residence on mothers' social support networks among Tsimane forager–farmers

Seabright

Alami

Kraft

et al. 2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…The fact is that the typical western diet, high in saturated fatty acids (FAs), is largely related to the increased prevalence of obesity, a critical factor which may lead to early puberty [9], and a high-fat diet during puberty may accelerate breast development [38]. Menarche represents the final physical event in a series of steps known as puberty [39] and typically occurs approximately two years after the onset of breast development [40]. Therefore, it is proposed that a high-fat diet may be associated with EMO because it accelerates breast development, the earliest secondary sexual characteristic in girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Intake through Childhood and Early Menarche Onset in Girls: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Among the genetic and environmental risk factors, nutrition plays a crucial role in determining the timing of puberty. Early menarche onset (EMO) is defined as when girls reach menarche onset at an age which is earlier than the mean/median age of menarche, between 12 and 13 years of age, according to individual ethnicity. The present study examined the association between nutrient intake in childhood and EMO risk in healthy girls by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. We screened EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases for 16 eligible studies with all medium-to-high quality scores ranging from 3 to 5 of 6 possible points with 10,884 subjects. Higher intakes of energy (risk ratio (RR) = 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.74–6.34, I2 = 97%), and protein (RR = 3.15, 95% CI = 2.87–3.44, I2 = 0%) were associated with EMO risk. For each additional 1 g/day animal protein intake in childhood, the age at menarche was approximately two months earlier (β = −0.13, I2 = 55%), and high iron intake was associated with EMO (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03–1.40, I2 = 0%). Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) intake was associated with EMO risk with a dose-response effect (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05–1.49, I2 = 44%). Girls with a high intake of fiber and monosaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in childhood experienced later menarche onset (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69–1.00, I2 = 31%; RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.50–0.86, I2 = 0%, respectively). Thus, adherence to a high intake of animal proteins-, iron- and PUFA-rich food diet makes girls more likely to have EMO, while a high intake of fiber- and MUFA-rich foods may protect girls from EMO. Further studies are expected to investigate the role of specific types of PUFAs and MUFAs on EMO to promote healthy sexual maturity in girls.

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“…Nevertheless, more work is required to address the question of fitness benefits and costs of leadership in women. It is highly likely that men and women differ with regard to the fitness-related benefits and costs associated with positions of leadership—and that this difference is caused and/or mediated by sex differences in (1) parental investment, (2) age-related fertility decline, (3) mate preferences, (4) reproductive physiology, (5) reproductive ecology, and (6) sexual and reproductive decision-making ( Trivers, 1972 ; Valeggia and Núñez-de la Mora, 2015 ; Sweet-Cushman, 2016 ; García et al, 2018 ; Archer, 2019 ; Buss and Schmitt, 2019 ; Luoto, 2019 ; Hughes et al, 2021 ). Evolutionary theory supports the view that men are able to derive significant reproductive benefits from politically ambitious behavior, while fewer benefits accrue to women from similar behaviors ( Sweet-Cushman, 2016 ; see also von Rueden et al, 2011 ; Buss and Schmitt, 2019 ; Garfield et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Sexually Dimorphic Leadership Specialization Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic Leadership: Sex Differences and Their Evolutionary–Developmental Origins

Luoto

Varella

2021

Front. Psychol.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global societal, economic, and social upheaval unseen in living memory. There have been substantial cross-national differences in the kinds of policies implemented by political decision-makers to prevent the spread of the virus, to test the population, and to manage infected patients. Among other factors, these policies vary with politicians’ sex: early findings indicate that, on average, female leaders seem more focused on minimizing direct human suffering caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, while male leaders implement riskier short-term decisions, possibly aiming to minimize economic disruptions. These sex differences are consistent with broader findings in psychology, reflecting women’s stronger empathy, higher pathogen disgust, health concern, care-taking orientation, and dislike for the suffering of other people—as well as men’s higher risk-taking, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, and focus on financial indicators of success and status. This review article contextualizes sex differences in pandemic leadership in an evolutionary framework. Evolution by natural selection is the only known process in nature that organizes organisms into higher degrees of functional order, or counteracts the unavoidable disorder that would otherwise ensue, and is therefore essential for explaining the origins of human sex differences. Differential sexual selection and parental investment between males and females, together with the sexual differentiation of the mammalian brain, drive sex differences in cognition and behavioral dispositions, underlying men’s and women’s leadership styles and decision-making during a global pandemic. According to the sexually dimorphic leadership specialization hypothesis, general psychobehavioral sex differences have been exapted during human evolution to create sexually dimorphic leadership styles. They may be facultatively co-opted by societies and/or followers when facing different kinds of ecological and/or sociopolitical threats, such as disease outbreaks or intergroup aggression. Early evidence indicates that against the invisible viral foe that can bring nations to their knees, the strategic circumspection of empathic feminine health “worriers” may bring more effective and humanitarian outcomes than the devil-may-care incaution of masculine risk-taking “warriors”.

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Human Reproductive Ecology

Cited by 9 publications

References 159 publications

Repercussions of patrilocal residence on mothers' social support networks among Tsimane forager–farmers

Repercussions of patrilocal residence on mothers' social support networks among Tsimane forager–farmers

Nutrient Intake through Childhood and Early Menarche Onset in Girls: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pandemic Leadership: Sex Differences and Their Evolutionary–Developmental Origins

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