Human resources for universal health coverage: from evidence to policy and action

Sales, M. A.; Kiény, Marie-Paule; Krech, Rüdiger; Etienne, Carissa F.

doi:10.2471/blt.13.131110

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the absence of relevant references, we used unweighted sums for comparison. In addition, changes in the number of RTs are also closely related to political processes [15], such as a policy changes in Taiwan's National Health Insurance system. This study did not discuss the effects of policy change.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply of and demand for radiologic technologist personnel in Taiwan: an analysis of 20 years

Tyan¹,

Chou²,

Tsai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Currently, nine universities and one junior college offer radiologic technologist (RT) programs (RTPs) in Taiwan. The curriculum, certificate examination, and licensing of RTs in RTPs in Taiwan are similar to those for RTPs in Japan and Korea. The present study explored the supply of and demand for RTs over the past 20 years and identified predictive indicators of trends affecting the numbers of RTs supplied and demanded.Methods: The present study involved web-based research. The analyzed data were publicly available information downloaded from the websites of relevant statistical departments in Taiwan. The study employed specific medical devices or examinations used in hospitals to determine the demand for RTs. Long-term (1999–2018) and short-term (2014–2018) trends were analyzed. The change rates were calculated using compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient or Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate two groups of continuous variables. Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests were used to test normally distributed data.Results: During 1999–2018, the annual numbers of students and graduates in RTPs were 2654 ± 350 and 516 ± 109, respectively, with corresponding CAGRs of 2.2% and 3.7%. During 2014–2018, the annual numbers of students and graduates in the RTPs were 2908 ± 67 and 605 ± 55, respectively, with corresponding CAGRs of −0.7% and 2.4%. During 1999–2018, the annual numbers of examinees and qualified personnel were 1228 ± 174 and 372 ± 62, respectively. The CAGRs for the number of qualified personnel were −1.5% and −4.7% during 1999–2018 and 2014–2018, respectively. The number of specific medical devices increased from 599 in 2000 to 1057 in 2018, whereas that of specific medical examinations increased from 1.7 million in 2000 to 5.3 million in 2018.Conclusion: During 2014–2018, 605 students graduated from RTPs annually, with approximately 375 annually becoming qualified personnel in Taiwan. The increase in the numbers of specific medical devices and examinations resulted in an annual increase of 204 new positions for RTs.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply of and demand for radiologic technologist personnel in Taiwan: an analysis of 20 years

Tyan¹,

Chou²,

Tsai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Wage is a key element for the performance of the health professional because it can determine job dissatisfaction [1,2], alteration of the organizational environment [3] and affect the quality of life at work [4] by acting as a stressor [5]. If they are not satisfied during their performance and with the results obtained they could not develop their work with quality and efficiency [6], and could not contribute to the guarantee of quality health care [7] and to the universal health coverage [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peruvian pharmacist employment and wage: gender, university and type of job influences

Chacaltana¹,

Pari²,

Cuba³

et al. 2019

jrp

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Wage is a key element for the performance of the health professional. Because of that, an observational study was carried out based on the secondary analysis of the main results from the "National Survey of University Graduates and Universities (NSUGU), 2014" to identify the conditioning factors of inequality in accessing to the labor market and low wage of Peruvian pharmacists. Chi square, crude Odds Ratio (cOR) and adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval were calculated. In the bivariate analysis the work not related to pharmaceutical training exposed pharmacists to almost four and a half times the risk of a remuneration lower than 1000 PEN compared to those who had a job related to their professional training (cOR=4.473) and it increased to six times in the multivariate analysis (cOR=5.938). Women were less likely to have this remuneration than men (cOR = 0.544) and maintained this characteristic in the multivariate analysis. The graduation from a public university was a protective factor of remuneration lower than 1000 PEN in the multivariate analysis, but not in the bivariate analysis. Women and graduates from public universities are more likely to be unemployed, while exposure to low income is measured by occupation not related to professional training.

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“…Human resources for health (HRH) represent an essential component for the functioning of health systems [ 1 ] and play a key role to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage [ 2 - 4 ]. However, many low-income countries face challenges with reference to availability of health workers, which is the supply of qualified workers; distribution, that is, recruitment and retention of health workers where they are needed; and performance, which is the productivity and the quality of their work [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex remuneration of human resources for health in low-income settings: policy implications and a research agenda for designing effective financial incentives

Bertone

Witter

2015

Hum Resour Health

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BackgroundHuman resources for health represent an essential component of health systems and play a key role to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage. Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa face challenges regarding the availability, distribution and performance of health workers, which could be in part addressed by providing effective financial incentives.MethodsBased on an overview of the existing literature, the paper highlights the gaps in the existing research in low-income countries exploring the different components of health workers’ incomes. It then proposes a novel approach to the analysis of financial incentives and delineates a research agenda, which could contribute to shed light on this topic.FindingsThe article finds that, while there is ample research that investigates separately each of the incomes health workers may earn (for example, salary, fee-for-service payments, informal incomes, “top-ups” and per diems, dual practice and non-health activities), there is a dearth of studies which look at the health workers’ “complex remuneration”, that is, the whole of the financial incentives available. Little research exists which analyses simultaneously all revenues of health workers, quantifies the overall remuneration and explores its complexity, its multiple components and their features, as well as the possible interaction between income components. However, such a comprehensive approach is essential to fully comprehend health workers’ incentives, by investigating the causes (at individual and system level) of the fragmentation in the income structure and the variability in income levels, as well as the consequences of the “complex remuneration” on motivation and performance. This proposition has important policy implications in terms of devising effective incentive packages as it calls for an active consideration of the role that “complex remuneration” plays in determining recruitment, retention and motivation patterns, as well as, more broadly, the performance of health systems.ConclusionsThis paper argues that research focusing on the health workers’ “complex remuneration” is critical to address some of the most challenging issues affecting human resources for health. An empirical research agenda is proposed to fill the gap in our understanding.

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Human resources for universal health coverage: from evidence to policy and action

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Supply of and demand for radiologic technologist personnel in Taiwan: an analysis of 20 years

Supply of and demand for radiologic technologist personnel in Taiwan: an analysis of 20 years

Peruvian pharmacist employment and wage: gender, university and type of job influences

The complex remuneration of human resources for health in low-income settings: policy implications and a research agenda for designing effective financial incentives

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