Human Rights and Dissent in Hybrid Environments: The Impact of Shifting Rights Regimes

Shriver, Thomas E.; Bray, Laura A.; Wilcox, Annika; Szabo, Adriana

doi:10.1080/00380253.2021.1909444

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Our analysis holds implications for the growing body of research on the role of threat in mobilization (Adler et al 2014;Almeida 2003Almeida , 2019Bergstrand and Robertson 2020;Coley 2021;Crockett and Kane 2012;Dodson 2016;Einwohner 2003;Gillham et al 2019;Johnson and Frickel 2011;Maher 2010;Martin and Dixon 2010;McKane and McCammon 2018;Owens et al 2015;Shriver et al 2021;Van Dyke and Soule 2002). Prior research has shown that a variety of threats (including economic, political, religious, moral, and ecological threats) have played a role in the initial formation of social movement or advocacy organizations, the growth of social movement or advocacy organization sectors, and individual participation in protests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…To explain variations in the size of the Sierra Club over time, we draw on theories from the field of social movement studies, particularly theories that focus on the role of threat in mobilization. Specifically, although much early theorizing in social movement studies suggested that activists mobilize when they perceive political opportunities to bring about change (McAdam 1982(McAdam , 1996, recent work in social movement studies suggests that activists also mobilize when they perceive threats either to themselves or to their surroundings (see Adler et al 2014;Almeida 2003Almeida , 2019Bergstrand and Robertson 2020;Coley 2021;Crockett and Kane 2012;Dodson 2016;Einwohner 2003;Gillham et al 2019;Jasper 1997;Johnson and Frickel 2011;Maher 2010;Martin and Dixon 2010;McKane and McCammon 2018;Owens et al 2015;Shriver et al 2021;Van Dyke and Soule 2002). For example, ecological threats, such as declines in wildlife populations and increases in air pollution, were associated with the emergence of new environmental organizations during the last decades of the twentieth century (Johnson and Frickel 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growing the Green Giant: Ecological Threats, Political Threats, and U.S. Membership in Sierra Club, 1892–Present

Coley

Schachle

2021

Social Sciences

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A growing body of research examines questions related to the emergence of environmental organizations and the growth of the environmental organizational field in the United States, but we need to know more about why particular environmental organizations grow or decline in terms of membership size over time. In this article, we draw on both qualitative and quantitative data to assess factors contributing to the growth of the Sierra Club, one of the United States’ oldest and largest environmental organizations. First, through an analytic narrative that synthesizes insights from secondary accounts of the history of the Sierra Club, we identify a variety of ecological and political threats that have led to growth in the Sierra Club from its founding in 1892 to the present day. Then, through time-series analyses of quantitative data, we show that two particular types of environmental and political threats—growth in carbon dioxide emissions and the presence of Republican Presidents—have led to growth in the Sierra Club from 1960 (when it began mass recruitment of members) to 2016. We contextualize these findings within the broader social scientific literature on neoliberalism and its consequences for environmental degradation and environmental mobilization. Overall, our findings provide support for threat-based models of mobilization and hold significant implications for research on environmental organizations.

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