“…Thus, Amazonian fish species are increasingly vulnerable to the exposure of different types of pollutants, especially toxic metals. Increased release of toxic metals in water bodies is mainly related to the expansion of agricultural and livestock areas, installation of hydroelectric plants, and mineral extraction (Viana et al, 2020, Araújo-Flores et al, 2021, Souza-Araujo et al, 2022, Nascimento et al, 2022. In addition, many agrochemicals have toxic metals in their composition, either as components or as contaminants, and these toxic residues do reach water resources (Ribeiro et al, 2017).…”