Human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children with acute gastroenteritis in Saudi Arabia from 1988 to 1992

Mohammed, Khalid A.; Assouli, Sufian M. El; Banjar, Zainy M.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890440305

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In other studies in which samples were collected in one hospital in Australia, G I predominated for 10 years (1980-1989) (12). In Saudi Arabia (39) and Italy (4), G1 was the most commonly detected serotype for five consecutive years, and a study in Estonia revealed that G1 was predominant for four successive seasons (21). Thus, the predominance of the G1 serotype for several successive seasons was a common observation from the global perspective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relative Frequencies of G Serotypes of Rotaviruses Recovered from Hospitalized Children with Diarrhea: A 10‐Year Survey (1987–1996) in Japan with a Review of Globally Collected Data

Koshimura

Nakagomi

2000

Microbiology and Immunology

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Since rotavirus vaccines aim to protect children from severe diarrhea, knowledge of the prevailing G serotypes among rotaviruses from hospitalized children is essential. Thus, we determined the G serotypes of rotaviruses collected from children with acute diarrhea in a local referral hospital in Akita, Japan, over the 10-year period between January 1987 and December 1996. Based on the assumption that rotaviruses with an identical electropherotype possess the same G serotype, the G serotypes of 488 rotavirus-positive specimens that were classified into 63 electropherotypes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a supplementary use of G typing by reverse transcription-PCR. The relative frequencies over the 10-year period were 77.0 (G1), 14.5 (G2), 2.7 (G3) and 5.3% (G4), leaving the possibility that only 0.4 % had G serotypes uncommon to human rotaviruses. Of 24,050 rotaviruses extracted by reviewing 63 serotyping studies in literature, the relative frequencies of the four major G serotypes were 50.6 (G1), 9.3 (G2), 7.2 (G3) and 11.6% (G4). As to uncommon G serotypes, only 0.9% were described as serotypes other than G1-4, and our estimate for potential uncommon serotypes were at most 8.1%. Thus, both this long-term study focusing on the rotaviruses only from severe cases in a single hospital in Japan and the global review of G serotypes published to date indicate that the primary target of any rotavirus vaccines should be rotaviruses possessing serotypes G1-4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relative Frequencies of G Serotypes of Rotaviruses Recovered from Hospitalized Children with Diarrhea: A 10‐Year Survey (1987–1996) in Japan with a Review of Globally Collected Data

Koshimura

Nakagomi

2000

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…The analysis of rotavirus incidence in different settings showed that 23.8% of samples were rotavirus-positive in hospitalized children. Mohammed et al (1994) found an overall rotavirus prevalence rate of 42.2% in Saudi Arabia, while in Brazil, prevalence rates ranged from 13 to 20% in different states (Pereira et al 1993). Children from outpatient clinics showed only 2.7% of rotavirus-positive samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological features of rotavirus infection in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, from 1986 to 2000

Cardoso

Soares

Souza

et al. 2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Key words: rotavirus -gastroenteritis -epidemiology -seasonality - Goiás -Brazil Diarrhoea is an important cause of morbidity in humans throughout the world, affecting mainly infants and children . Group A rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children, causing a large number of hospitalizations (Pérez-Schael et al. 1999). Rotavirus is also associated with child mortality in several countries (Bern et al. 1992, Argüelles et al. 2000, Kapikian et al. 2001. This virus was detected for the first time in Brazil in 1976 (Linhares et al. 1977). After that description, several investigations were made and results demonstrated the relevance of rotavirus in the etiology of diarrhoea throughout the country (Rácz et al. 1988, Pereira et al. 1993, Leite et al. 1996.This study presents results from a rotavirus surveillance in Goiânia, Goiás. Our analysis was focused on the role of the virus in the diarrhoeal illness, as well as on ageprevalence and seasonality of rotavirus infection in the region. out diarrhoea from three different settings: children admitted to three hospitals (Hospital Materno Infantil, Hospital das Clínicas, and Hospital Lúcio Rebelo); children seen in outpatient clinics of Hospital Lúcio Rebelo, and children attending several day-care centers. Three or more liquid or semi-liquid daily evacuations were considered as diarrhoea, along with available medical information. Associated symptoms included vomit, fever and abdominal pain. The children enrolled in the study belonged to low socio-economic strata, according to the information provided by their parents/legal guardians. The faecal specimens were collected from the children only after a written consent was provided by parents/legal guardians. Also, ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee on Research of the Federal University of Goiás. MATERIALS AND METHODS SubjectCharacteristics of the samples and of the childrenFrom 2,605 faecal specimens, 1,494 (57.4%) were collected from hospitalized patients. Of the remainder faecal specimens, 528 (20.3%) were obtained from children seen in outpatient clinics, and 583 (22.4%) in day-care centers. The investigation in hospitals began in 1986 and continued until 2000, except for the 1995-1997 period, when no samples were collected. In outpatient clinics the collection of the faecal specimens took place from 1986 to 1995, while in day-care centers samples were collected from 1989 to 1994. From the total number of fecal samples, 1,324 (50.8%) samples were collected from children with diarrhoea, and 1,246 (94.1%) of these children were hospitalized. From the remaining samples, 1,281 (49.2%) came from children who presented either with other symptoms than diarrhoea or with no symptoms. From those 480 (37.5%) were from outpatient clinics. All children with no symptoms were from day-care centers. Regarding the gender

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“…Subgrouping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been used extensively in epidemiological studies. The rotaviruses most commonly found in humans belong to SG II (2,4,8,14,19), while SG I is common among animal rotaviruses (18,23).Previous studies have mapped SG I specificity to amino acid (aa) position 305 and the region between positions 296 and 299 and SG II specificity to residue 315 (18, 23). It is still unclear whether SG specificity is determined by linear or conformational epitopes, although there is some evidence that the epitopes recognized by SG-specific MAbs are conformational and are present only in the trimeric form of VP6 (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of VP6 Genes of Human Rotavirus Isolates: Correlation of Genogroups with Subgroups and Evidence of Independent Segregation

Iturriza‐Gómara

Wong

Blome

et al. 2002

J Virol

258

217

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A reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was established to amplify a 379-bp cDNA fragment (nucleotides 747 to 1126, coding for amino acids 241 to 367) of the VP6 gene of group A rotaviruses associated with subgroup (SG) specificity. Thirty-eight human rotavirus strains characterized with SG-specific monoclonal antibodies were subjected to VP6-specific RT-PCR, and PCR amplicons were used for sequencing. Nucleic acid sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the VP6 amplicons revealed two clusters, or genogroups. Two genetic lineages were distinguished within genogroup I, consisting of strains serologically characterized as SG I, and three genetic lineages were distinguished within genogroup II, composed of strains serologically characterized as SG II, SG I ؉ II, and SG non-I, non-II. Subgrouping of rotaviruses by means of serological methods may result in strains not being assigned the correct SG or in a failure of strains to subgroup. Molecular characterization of the SG-defining region of VP6 provided evidence for independent segregation of the rotavirus genes encoding VP4, VP6, and VP7.Rotaviruses are triple-layered particles of the Reoviridae family which are classified into groups (A to E) and subgroups (SG) according to the presence of epitopes on the middle-layer protein VP6 (16). VP6 is a trimeric protein that interacts with the inner-layer protein VP2 and with the two outer-layer proteins VP7 and VP4 (20). Most human rotavirus infections are caused by rotaviruses of group A. Within this group, SG I, II, I ϩ II, and non-I, non-II have been defined according to the presence or absence of two distinct epitopes reactive with one, both, or neither of the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 255/60 and 631/9 (11). Subgrouping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been used extensively in epidemiological studies. The rotaviruses most commonly found in humans belong to SG II (2,4,8,14,19), while SG I is common among animal rotaviruses (18,23).Previous studies have mapped SG I specificity to amino acid (aa) position 305 and the region between positions 296 and 299 and SG II specificity to residue 315 (18, 23). It is still unclear whether SG specificity is determined by linear or conformational epitopes, although there is some evidence that the epitopes recognized by SG-specific MAbs are conformational and are present only in the trimeric form of VP6 (9). Amino acid substitutions that are quite distant in the linear molecule may affect the conformation of the epitopes.Serological characterization of the surface proteins VP7 and VP4 has been shown to be unreliable due to antigenic drift through the accumulation of point mutations (7,12,21). It is possible that VP6 will undergo similar antigenic changes, resulting in poor reactivity in serological subgrouping assays.The aims of this work were to determine the SG of rotavirus strains on the basis of cDNA sequences of a fragment of the VP6 genes, to investigate correlations between molecular and serological subgrouping methods, and to study the variability of the VP6 ge...

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Human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children with acute gastroenteritis in Saudi Arabia from 1988 to 1992

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

The Relative Frequencies of G Serotypes of Rotaviruses Recovered from Hospitalized Children with Diarrhea: A 10‐Year Survey (1987–1996) in Japan with a Review of Globally Collected Data

The Relative Frequencies of G Serotypes of Rotaviruses Recovered from Hospitalized Children with Diarrhea: A 10‐Year Survey (1987–1996) in Japan with a Review of Globally Collected Data

Epidemiological features of rotavirus infection in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, from 1986 to 2000

Molecular Characterization of VP6 Genes of Human Rotavirus Isolates: Correlation of Genogroups with Subgroups and Evidence of Independent Segregation

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