Human rotavirus vaccine (<i>Rotarix</i>): focus on effectiveness and impact 6 years after first introduction in Africa

O’Ryan, Miguel; Giaquinto, Carlo; Benninghoff, Bernd

doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1059282

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Among those, rotavirus A, has been shown to be the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children in Kenya as well as being responsible for an estimated 4,000 deaths among children <5 years of age in 2013 [2,30]. Rotarix, a live attenuated rotavirus vaccine [2,[31][32][33], was introduced in Kenya in July 2014, in the midst of the study period. The rotavirus abundance observed in this study could reflect circulating rotavirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen surveillance in the informal settlement, Kibera, Kenya, using a metagenomics approach

et al. 2019

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BackgroundWorldwide, the number of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases is increasing, highlighting the importance of global disease pathogen surveillance. Traditional population-based methods may fail to capture important events, particularly in settings with limited access to health care, such as urban informal settlements. In such environments, a mixture of surface water runoff and human feces containing pathogenic microorganisms could be used as a surveillance surrogate.MethodWe conducted a temporal metagenomic analysis of urban sewage from Kibera, an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, to detect and quantify bacterial and associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, viral and parasitic pathogens. Data were examined in conjunction with data from ongoing clinical infectious disease surveillance.ResultsA large variation of read abundances related to bacteria, viruses, and parasites of medical importance, as well as bacterial associated antimicrobial resistance genes over time were detected. Significant increased abundances were observed for a number of bacterial pathogens coinciding with higher abundances of AMR genes. Vibrio cholerae as well as rotavirus A, among other virus peaked in several weeks during the study period whereas Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp, varied more over time.ConclusionThe metagenomic surveillance approach for monitoring circulating pathogens in sewage was able to detect putative pathogen and resistance loads in an urban informal settlement. Thus, valuable if generated in real time to serve as a comprehensive infectious disease agent surveillance system with the potential to guide disease prevention and treatment. The approach may lead to a paradigm shift in conducting real-time global genomics-based surveillance in settings with limited access to health care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen surveillance in the informal settlement, Kibera, Kenya, using a metagenomics approach

et al. 2019

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“…A similar local study on children who did not receive rotavirus vaccine dose 2 showed that children suffered from diarrheal morbidity [ 16 ]. This might be due to the fact that rotavirus vaccinated children are immunized from the highest impact of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) morbidity in Africa, where the burden of disease is the greatest [ 30 ]. This implies that rotavirus vaccination is one of the best ways to prevent diarrheal morbidity and its consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusive breastfeeding and rotavirus vaccination are associated with decreased diarrheal morbidity among under-five children in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia

Shumetie¹,

Gedefaw

Kebede

et al. 2018

Public Health Rev

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BackgroundMore than one in every ten (14%) of under-five child deaths is associated with diarrheal morbidity in Ethiopia. Although Ethiopia has implemented different health interventions like its immunization program, childhood diarrhea morbidity, on which literature is limited, continues as a public health problem. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrheal morbidity and associated factors among under-five children in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia.MethodA community based cross-sectional study was carried out from March 05 to April 03/2015 in Bahir Dar in which 553 mother-child pairs participated. A structured questionnaire was adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS) to collect the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the independent predictors of diarrheal morbidity.ResultThe overall prevalence of diarrheal morbidity was 9.4% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.8, 14.0%]. No receipt of Rotavirus vaccine dose 2 [AOR = 3.96, 95%CI; 2.13, 7.33], non-exclusive breastfeeding [AOR = 2.69, 95%CI; 1.39, 5.19], unavailability of solid waste disposal system [AOR = 2.62, 95%CI; 1.19, 5.77], employed and private business occupational status of mothers [AOR = 2.10, 95%CI; 1.02, 4.31)], and less than Ethiopia Birr (ETB) 600 household monthly income [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI; 1.2, 7.2] were independently associated with diarrheal morbidity.ConclusionIn Bahir Dar, one in every ten of the under-five children surveyed suffered from diarrheal morbidity. Thus, implementing effective rotavirus vaccination programs, encouraging exclusive breastfeeding and emphasizing appropriate solid waste management would reduce childhood diarrheal morbidity in the region. In addition, the finding suggests that improved child care mechanisms, especially for mothers working outside the home, and efforts to increase household income should be intensified to reduce incidence of diarrhea.

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“…Currently, rotavirus vaccination has not been introduced into CAR; the introduction of Rotarix vaccine has been rescheduled for 2018. Rotarix vaccine has been shown to provide a good level of protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in multiple African countries [ 22 ]. This vaccine is derived from a genotype G1P[8] strain but induces immunity against both homotypic and heterotypic rotavirus strains [ 22 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rotarix vaccine has been shown to provide a good level of protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in multiple African countries [ 22 ]. This vaccine is derived from a genotype G1P[8] strain but induces immunity against both homotypic and heterotypic rotavirus strains [ 22 ]. We therefore are expecting a drop in the number of gastroenteritis cases due to rotavirus infection after the introduction of the Rotarix vaccine [ 23 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of G12 and G9 rotavirus genotypes in the Central African Republic, January 2014 to February 2016

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesRotavirus gastroenteritis is a major cause of death among children under 5 years globally. A rotavirus gastroenteritis surveillance program started in October 2011 in the Central African Republic (CAR) with the Surveillance Epidémiologique en Afrique Centrale (SURVAC) project. We present here genotyping results showing the emergence of G9 and G12 genotypes in Central African Republic.ResultsAmong 222 children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis who had a stool sample collected at the sentinel site, Complexe Pédiatrique de Bangui (CPB), Bangui, Central African Republic, 100 (45%) were positive for rotavirus between January 2014 and February 2016. During this period the most common rotavirus strains were G1P[8] (37%), G12P[6] (27%) and G9P[8] (18%).

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Human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix): focus on effectiveness and impact 6 years after first introduction in Africa

Cited by 20 publications

References 67 publications

Pathogen surveillance in the informal settlement, Kibera, Kenya, using a metagenomics approach

Pathogen surveillance in the informal settlement, Kibera, Kenya, using a metagenomics approach

Exclusive breastfeeding and rotavirus vaccination are associated with decreased diarrheal morbidity among under-five children in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia

Emergence of G12 and G9 rotavirus genotypes in the Central African Republic, January 2014 to February 2016

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