Human Schistosomiasis Vaccines as Next Generation Control Tools

Hotez, Peter J.; Bottazzi, María Elena

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8030170

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Also, the vaccine experiment usually involves a single challenge infection in contrast to repeated exposures that may occur in nature. Unfortunately, funding for schis-tosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease [18], is limited, and funding for high-technology solutions, such as vaccine development for deployment in reservoir hosts, remains limited. Moreover, it is important to consider the potential risks associated with the induction of inappropriate immune responses through the induction of IgE antibodies and mast cell responses in vaccine development.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Trends In The Development Of Anti-schi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While successful vaccine trials indicate that IgE is necessary for protection, the risk of anaphylaxis is something that needs to be taken into account [124]. Furthermore, the large-scale production of recombinant proteins is a challenging factor [18,139]. Nonetheless, the introduction of mRNA vaccines allows for large-scale production of purified vaccines relatively quickly and with high yields [197].…”

Section: Challenges and Future Trends In The Development Of Anti-schi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are currently three vaccines against S. mansoni infection in various stages of clinical trials. These vaccines are S. mansoni tegument tetraspanin Sm_TSP-2, formulated on Alhydrogel with Glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA-AF), S. mansoni 14 kDa fatty acid-binding protein (Sm 14), and S. mansoni calpain (Smp80), both formulated in GLA-Se (GLA in stable oil emulsion) [17][18][19][20] and S. haematobium, Sh28GST, adsorbed to Alhydrogel [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica

Zumuk,

Jones,

Navarro

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Control of schistosomiasis japonica, endemic in Asia, including the Philippines, China, and Indonesia, is extremely challenging. Schistosoma japonicum is a highly pathogenic helminth parasite, with disease arising predominantly from an immune reaction to entrapped parasite eggs in tissues. Females of this species can generate 1000–2200 eggs per day, which is about 3- to 15-fold greater than the egg output of other schistosome species. Bovines (water buffalo and cattle) are the predominant definitive hosts and are estimated to generate up to 90% of parasite eggs released into the environment in rural endemic areas where these hosts and humans are present. Here, we highlight the necessity of developing veterinary transmission-blocking vaccines for bovines to better control the disease and review potential vaccine candidates. We also point out that the approach to producing efficacious transmission-blocking animal-based vaccines before moving on to human vaccines is crucial. This will result in effective and feasible public health outcomes in agreement with the One Health concept to achieve optimum health for people, animals, and the environment. Indeed, incorporating a veterinary-based transmission vaccine, coupled with interventions such as human mass drug administration, improved sanitation and hygiene, health education, and snail control, would be invaluable to eliminating zoonotic schistosomiasis.

show abstract

Section: Challenges and Future Trends In The Development Of Anti-schi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges and Future Trends In The Development Of Anti-schi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica

Zumuk,

Jones,

Navarro

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The early S. mansoni radiation-attenuated cercarial vaccine shortly elicited, postimmunization, long-lasting multi-species [160,161] CD4+ Th1/Th2 immunoresponses of >70% [52]. Building on this emphasizes the necessity to expand prevention by vaccination alone [7,16,162,163] to induce protection against transmission, infection, and disease recurrence [2,3,143,164], or combined with PZQ as vaccine-linked therapy [165]. Numerous antigenic moieties of, e.g., surface membranes, excretory/secretory proteins, tegument, cytosol, and gastrointestinal tract, detected by platforms ranging from initial schistosome saline extracts to the latest 'OMICS' [2,8], are still in the experimental stage [77,166].…”

Section: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few candidates, though not on the market yet, advanced to clinical phases, i.e., Sm14 or S. mansoni fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in ongoing phase II [2,8,[167][168][169], Sm-TSP-2/Sm-TSP-2Al ® or S. mansoni tetraspanin in phase I [170][171][172][173][174], Smp80/SchistoShield ® or S. mansoni large-subunit calpain in ongoing phase I [52,[175][176][177], and Sh28GST/Bilhvax ® or S. haematobium glutathione S-transferase in phase III [60,[178][179][180][181][182]. The latter was discontinued, lacking efficacy [165]. FABPs take up, transport, and compartmentalize host lipids, as schistosomes lack their own oxygen-dependent pathways to synthesize long-chain fatty acids and cholesterols [8,183].…”

Section: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Modelling for Human Non-Zoonotic Schistosomiasis Incorporating Vaccination: Guiding Decision- and Policymaking

Panzner

2024

Parasitologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schistosomiasis, acquired by skin-penetrating cercariae of dioecious digenean schistosomes during freshwater contact, afflicts nearly 260 and 440 million people with active infections and residual morbidity, respectively. About 10 million women at reproductive age contract schistosomiasis during gestation every year. Acute schistosomiasis is characterized by pre-patent pro-inflammatory CD4+ T-helper 1 or CD4+ Th1/T-helper 17 reactivity against immature schistosomulae. Chronic schistosomiasis is dominated by post-patent anti-inflammatory CD4+ T-helper 2 reactivity against ova epitopes. Flukes co-exist in immunocompetent definitive hosts as they are capable of evading their defense mechanisms. Preventive measures should be complemented by vaccination, inducing long-term protection against transmission, infection, and disease recurrence, given the latest advancements in schistosomal vaccines. Vaccines become pivotal when considering constraints of chemotherapy, i.e., lack of protection against re-infection, and evolving resistance or reduced sensitivity. Transmission models for human non-zoonotic schistosomiasis incorporating vaccination available in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to 31 December 2023 are presented. Besides conceptual model differences, predictions meant to guide decision- and policymaking reveal continued worm harboring that facilitates transmission besides residual infections. In addition, increased susceptibility to re-infection and rebound morbidity, both shifted to later life stages following the intervention, are forecasted. Consequently, a vaccination schedule is pivotal that considers the optimal age for initial immunization, i.e., pre-schoolchildren or schoolchildren in a cohort-based or population-based manner, while incorporating potential non-adherers promoting ongoing transmission. Longevity over magnitude of vaccine protection to antigenic schistosomal moieties is crucial. Accounting for pre-acquired immunity from natural exposure, in utero priming in addition to herd immunity, and induced by chemotherapy is crucial. Combining, as a multi-component approach, long-term effects of vaccination with short-term effects of chemotherapy as regular repeated vaccine-linked therapy seems most promising to achieve WHO’s endpoints of transmission elimination and morbidity control.

show abstract