Human Seminal Plasma Abrogates the Capture and Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to CD4 ⁺ T Cells Mediated by DC-SIGN

Semen Promotes the Differentiation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

“…It is present at high concentrations in seminal plasma (∼1 mg/ml) and interacts with high affinity with DC-SIGN. In fact, we observed that dilutions of seminal plasma as high as 1:10 4 completely prevented the ability of HIV to bind to DC-SIGN expressed by DCs (63). Studies are currently being conducted in our laboratory to analyze the ability of seminal clusterin to promote the development of tolerogenic DCs.…”

Influence of Common Mucosal Co‐Factors on HIV Infection in the Female Genital Tract

“…117 In contrast, clusterin and mucin-6 in seminal plasma (SP) can compete with HIV as DC-SIGN ligands. [118][119][120] Several in vitro studies reported the existence of amyloid fibrils, formed by amyloidogenic fragments of prostatic acid phosphatase and semenogelins found abundantly in semen, which may increase the infectivity of HIV by several orders of magnitude by facilitating virion attachment to target cells.…”

Cyanovirin-N potently inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in cellular and cervical explant models

“…This reduction in efficacy is far less than that seen for compounds already in phase III clinical trials and may be insignificant when considering the high concentration of CV-N (1 and 2 % gels, corresponding to 0.9 and 1.8 mM) used to prevent vaginal transmission in the macaque challenge model (Tsai et al, 2003). It has yet to be determined whether the reduction in activity reflects masking of high-mannose residues on the virus by seminal plasma components or binding of CV-N to the components themselves (Sabatté et al, 2007).…”