Human Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Classifications

Scott, Wayne; Stevens, Jennifer E.; Binder‐Macleod, Stuart A.

doi:10.1093/ptj/81.11.1810

Cited by 300 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Whilst it was anticipated that the chimpanzees would generally have a greater proportion of type II fibres compared with the orangutan, the proportion of type II fibres in their soleus muscles (female: 41%; male: 52%) was high compared with that in most mammals studied, for example human: 20-30% type II fibres (Edstrom & Nystrom, 1969;Gollnick, 1974;Edgerton, 1975;Dahmane et al 2005); longtailed macaque: 10% type II fibres (Acosta & Roy, 1987); cat (0%); rat (16%); guinea pig (0%); bush baby (13%) and slow loris (28%; Ariano et al 1973). An increase in the proportion of type II fibres in a postural muscle can result from an extreme lack of use (see Loughna et al 1990;Jaenicke et al 1991;Scott et al 2001), but this is unlikely to be the case here as the chimpanzees were healthy, active individuals immediately prior to death. The higher proportions of type II fibres in the chimpanzee soleus muscle seem to suggest that this muscle plays a role in functions other than maintenance of posture, and may reflect a reduced need for type I fibres.…”

Section: Interspecific Comparison Between Chimpanzee Orangutan and Omentioning

confidence: 94%

Distribution patterns of fibre types in the triceps surae muscle group of chimpanzees and orangutans

2011

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Different locomotor and postural demands are met partly due to the varying properties and proportions of the muscle fibre types within the skeletal muscles. Such data are therefore important in understanding the subtle relationships between morphology, function and behaviour. The triceps surae muscle group is of particular interest when studying our closest living relatives, the non-human great apes, as they lack a significant external Achilles tendon, crucial to running locomotion in humans and other cursorial species. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the proportions of type I (slow) and type II (fast) fibres throughout these muscles in chimpanzees and orangutans using immunohistochemistry. The orangutan had a higher proportion of type I fibres in all muscles compared with the chimpanzees, related to their slower, more controlled movements in their arboreal habitat. The higher proportion of type II fibres in the chimpanzees likely reflects a compromise between their need for controlled mobility when arboreal, and greater speed and power when terrestrial. Overall, the proportion of slow fibres was greater in the soleus muscle compared with the gastrocnemius muscles, and there was some evidence of proximal to distal and medial to lateral variations within some muscles. This study has shown that not only do orangutans and chimpanzees have very different muscle fibre populations that reflect their locomotor repertoires, but it also shows how the proportion of fibre types provides an additional mechanism by which the performance of a muscle can be modulated to suit the needs of a species.

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Section: Interspecific Comparison Between Chimpanzee Orangutan and Omentioning

confidence: 94%

Distribution patterns of fibre types in the triceps surae muscle group of chimpanzees and orangutans

2011

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“…To determine fibre type composition, the muscle sections were stained enzymatically using myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase) staining for fibre types I, IIA, IIB and IIC (Brooke & Kaiser, 1970). The slides were separately pre-incubated at pH 4AE3, 4AE6 and 10AE4, respectively, which separates the fibre types because of staining intensities (Scott et al, 2001). The staining was analysed semi-quantitatively on coded samples, and the wholetissue sections were evaluated by counting 250-700 fibres (Leica system, BX60; digital camera, Sony CDK-500, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Muscle Tissue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type IIA fibres possess both oxidative and glycolytic characteristics and type IIB fibres are glycolytic. Type IIC fibres are considered intermediate fibres and are thought to be important during development, regeneration and altered muscle activity pattern (Barany, 1967;Pette & Staron, 1988;Scott et al, 2001;Bassel-Duby & Olson, 2006). The existing literature presents data describing shifts in fibre type composition in skeletal muscle tissue during various muscle conditions (Pette & Staron, 1997, such as a consequence of ageing (Jansson, 1996), changes of physical exercise pattern (Esbjornsson et al, 1993), chronic organ diseases (Celsing et al, 1986, Franssen et al, 2002 or glucocorticoid treatment (Danneskiold-Samsoe & Grimby, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher proportion of fast-twitch (type II) muscle fibres in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies - evident in chronic but not in untreated newly diagnosed patients

Loell

Helmers

Dastmalchi

et al. 2010

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

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Untreated polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients and healthy controls have a different fibre type composition than chronic polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients. Fibre CSA did not differ between healthy controls or any of the patient groups. A low proportion of oxidative muscle fibres can therefore be excluded as a contributing factor causing muscle fatigue at disease onset and the gender difference should be taken into consideration when evaluating fibre CSA in myositis.

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“…Nine MHC isoforms have been identified in mammalian skeletal muscle: MHC-b ⁄ I, MHC-IIa, MHC-IIx, MHC-IIb, MHCembryonic, MHC-neonatal, MHC-a, MHC-extraocular and MHC-IIm (Sciotte & Morris, 2000). The fibre type composition can be determined by histochemical staining, which is used to identify the mATPase activity (Scott et al 2001). More recently, through revealing the MHC transcript (mRNA) expression in fast fibres, fibres previously considered as type IIB were correctly identified as type IIX in humans (Smerdu et al 1994;Pette & Staron, 1997;Hilber et al 1999;Pette et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, human muscle fibres can co-express two different MHC isoforms. Such hybrid fibres almost always contain adjoining MHC isoforms (IIC = MHC-I + MHC-IIA and IIAX = MHC-IIA + MHC-IIX) (Scott et al 2001). Functionally, the MHC isoform determines the mechanical properties of the fibres with MHC type I fibres that are characterized by a slow contractile speed and MHC type II fibres by a fast contractile speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibre type composition of the human psoas major muscle with regard to the level of its origin

et al. 2009

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The aim of our study was to explore the fibre type composition of the human psoas major muscle at different levels of its origin, from the first lumbar to the fourth lumbar vertebra, and to compare the muscle fibre size and distribution of different fibre types between levels with respect to its complex postural and dynamic function. Muscle samples were collected from 15 young males (younger than 35 years). Serial transverse sections (5 lm) of the samples were cut by cryomicrotome. Type I, IIA and IIX muscle fibres were typed using myosin heavy chain identification. The serial sections were analysed using a light microscope with a magnitude of 100·. The differences between measurements were evaluated using a repeated-measures ANOVA and Scheffé test for post-hoc analysis. Our study showed that the human psoas major muscle was composed of type I, IIA and IIX muscle fibres. It had a predominance of type IIA muscle fibres, whereas type I muscle fibres had the largest cross-sectional area. Type IIX muscle fibres were present as a far smaller percentage and had the smallest crosssectional area. Moreover, the fibre type composition of the psoas major muscle was different between levels of its origin starting from the first lumbar to the fourth lumbar vertebra. We conclude that the fibre type composition of the psoas major muscle indicated its dynamic and postural functions, which supports the fact that it is the main flexor of the hip joint (dynamic function) and stabilizer of the lumbar spine, sacroiliac and hip joints (postural function). The cranial part of the psoas major muscle has a primarily postural role, whereas the caudal part of the muscle has a dynamic role.

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Human Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Classifications

Cited by 300 publications

References 34 publications

Distribution patterns of fibre types in the triceps surae muscle group of chimpanzees and orangutans

Distribution patterns of fibre types in the triceps surae muscle group of chimpanzees and orangutans

Higher proportion of fast-twitch (type II) muscle fibres in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies - evident in chronic but not in untreated newly diagnosed patients

Fibre type composition of the human psoas major muscle with regard to the level of its origin

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