Human skin penetration of selected model mycotoxins

Boonen, Jente; Malysheva, Svetlana V.; Taevernier, Lien; Mavungu, José Diana Di; Saeger, Sarah De; Spiegeleer, Bart De

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.012

Cited by 121 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…grains. T-2 can also be absorbed through human skin [101]. Skin contact with T-2 causes acute disturbances in the circulatory system (hypotension and arrhythmia), which may result from general pathophysiological responses to the T-2 toxin, including a central effect on blood pressure and catecholamine elevation, which have been reported in pigs and rats [102,103].…”

Section: T-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxins that Affect the Human Cardiovascular System

Carvajal-Moreno¹

2016

J Biomol Res Ther

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Section: T-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T-2 mycotoxin has been used as biological weapon: flour contaminated with Fusarium was produced and distributed in bread, causing significant morbidity and mortality [101]. T-2 was also used in Vietnam and was known as "yellow rain" [109].…”

Section: T-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins that Affect the Human Cardiovascular System

Carvajal-Moreno¹

2016

J Biomol Res Ther

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“…The clinical condition caused by T-2 is alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA) [100], with symptoms in diverse organs such as the skin and airway, and stomach ingestion, which may come from the consumption of moldy whole grains. T-2 can also be absorbed through human skin [101]. Skin contact with T-2 causes acute disturbances in the circulatory system (hypotension and arrhythmia), which may result from general pathophysiological responses to the T-2 toxin, including a central effect on blood pressure and catecholamine elevation, which have been reported in pigs and rats [102,103].…”

Section: Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins that Affect the Human Cardiovascular System

Carvajal-Moreno¹

2015

Pharm Anal Acta

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi in the field or during storage; these fungi are mainly saprophytic molds growing on foodstuffs or animal feeds. These molds produce chemical compounds of low molecular weight that are not detected by antigens and hence are insidious poisons with no obvious symptoms. Since 1960, mycotoxins have been considered responsible for diseases and death in domestic animals and humans. Mycotoxicoses, the diseases caused by mycotoxins, have been responsible for major epidemics in humans and domestic animals since agriculture was developed. Each of these diseases is caused by specific molds that produce one or more potent toxins, usually in one specific type of commodity or feed. Among the main mycotoxigenic fungi are the genera Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp.The symptoms caused by mycotoxins can be acute or chronic, depending on the type of toxin and the dose. The symptoms of acute mycotoxicoses include liver and kidney damage, attacks on the central nervous system, skin disorders, hormonal effects, miscarriage, hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea and many others. Mycotoxins are eaten in trace quantities in the daily diet; some, such as aflatoxins, can accumulate, whereas others are quickly eliminated. Examples of chronic mycotoxicoses include Reye syndrome, Kwashiorkor, and cancers that develop in experimental animals or humans long after the mycotoxin is eaten. In the present review, we will describe some mycotoxins that cause circulatory problems, vein breakage, hemorrhage, and heart failure. The structures, physicochemical properties [7], biosynthesis [8], production conditions and occurrence of aflatoxins are also well known [9,10]. One important property of aflatoxins is that they form links to DNA, RNA and proteins [11,12], and they accumulate over time as adducts of AFB1-formamidopyrimidine (AFB1-FAPY) [13] and AFB1-lysine albumin [14], which are active carcinogens. Mycotoxins that Affect the Human Cardiovascular SystemMagdaAflatoxins, the most powerful mycotoxins, were discovered in the early 1960s with the outbreak of turkey "X" disease in England and high incidences of liver disease in ducklings in Kenya and hatcheryreared trout in the United States; the causes of all these problems were aflatoxins [15]. Aflatoxins are present in numerous foods, such as cereals, spices [16], oilseeds [17], and dry fruits. After these foods are consumed, the aflatoxins pass into milk, [18,19], all dairy products, eggs [20] and meat [21] derivatives. Aflatoxins are considered unavoidable toxins [22]. Biological control measures include lactic acid bacterial fermentation, which is known to render cereal-based foods and beverages safe [23], and the use of aluminosilicates, glucomannans and optimal storage conditions to prevent fungal growth.Aflatoxin intake is related to kwashiorkor [24] and Reye syndrome [25], and aflatoxins induce liver damage in undernourished individuals [26]. Aflatoxins are classified as Group I carcinogens in humans [27]; the...

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“…The presence of mycotoxin in food and feed due to their associated toxic effects on human health and the environment has now became a primary concern [1]. Mycotoxins are the toxic fungal metabolites produced by fungi (micromycetes and macromycetes) under specific conditions of temperature and moisture [2]. The optimal condition of temperature for mycotoxin-producing molds ranging between 24 • C and 35 • C and a relative humidity of ≥70%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Sensing Platforms for Aflatoxins Detection

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Mycotoxin are small (MW~700 Da), toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that readily colonize crops and contaminate them at both pre-and post-harvesting. Among all, aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins of major significance due to their presence in common food commodities and the potential threat to human health worldwide. Based on the severity of illness and increased incidences of AFs poisoning, a broad range of conventional and analytical detection techniques that could be useful and practical have already been reported. However, due to the variety of structural analogous of these toxins, it is impossible to use one common technique for their analysis. Numerous recent research efforts have been directed to explore alternative detection technologies. Recently, immunosensors and aptasensors have gained promising potential in the area of sample preparation and detection systems. These sensors offer the advantages of disposability, portability, miniaturization, and on-site analysis. In a typical design of an aptasensor, an aptamer (ssDNA or RNA) is used as a bio-recognition element either integrated within or in intimate association with the transducer surface. This review paper is focused on the recent advances in electrochemical immunoand aptasensing platforms for detection of AFs in real samples.

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Human skin penetration of selected model mycotoxins

Cited by 121 publications

References 81 publications

Mycotoxins that Affect the Human Cardiovascular System

Mycotoxins that Affect the Human Cardiovascular System

Mycotoxins that Affect the Human Cardiovascular System

Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Sensing Platforms for Aflatoxins Detection

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