Human social conversation: Effects of ethanol, secobarbital and chlorpromazine

Stitzer, Maxine L.; Griffiths, Roland R.; Bigelow, George E.; Liebson, Ira A.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(81)90402-0

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This nonlinear dose response on measures of social interaction remains to be investigated. The effects of MDMA on social interaction appear to be similar to effects of several other drugs, including alcohol and other stimulant drugs (Higgins and Stitzer 1988; Lindfors and Lindman 1987; Marrone et al 2010; Stitzer et al 1981; Ward et al 1997). Whether specific aspects of the pro-social effects of MDMA distinguish it from other drugs remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The drug is commonly used in social settings, and MDMA users claim that they use the drug specifically to experience the prosocial effects (Bravo 2001; Sumnall et al 2006). The interactions between this and other drugs and social environments are likely to be bi-directional: Drugs such as alcohol and stimulant drugs increase talking and social interaction (Higgins and Stitzer 1988; Lindfors and Lindman 1987; Marrone et al 2010; Stitzer et al 1981; Ward et al 1997), and conversely, many drugs are experienced as more pleasurable in the presence of others (e.g., alcohol: (Doty and de Wit 1995; Kirkpatrick and de Wit 2013), diazepam (Evans et al 1996), marijuana (Kelly et al 1994), and d- amphetamine (de Wit et al 1997). Despite the known role of social context on drug responses, relatively few controlled studies have examined these interactions in human volunteers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MDMA: a social drug in a social context

Kirkpatrick

Wit

2014

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale The drug ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”, “molly”) is thought to produce pro-social effects and enhance social interaction. However, in most laboratory studies to date, the participants have been tested under non-social conditions, which may not simulate the effects the drug produces in more naturalistic social settings. Methods Healthy experienced MDMA users participated in three laboratory sessions in which they received MDMA (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg or placebo; double blind). They were randomly assigned to one of three social conditions, in which they were tested alone (SOL; N=10), in the presence of a research assistant (RAP; N=11) or in the presence of another participant who also received the drug (OPP; N=11). Results As expected, MDMA increased heart rate and blood pressure, and produced positive subjective effects in all three groups. It also increased ratings of attractiveness of another person and increased social interaction in RAP and OPP. The social context affected certain responses to the drug. The effects of MDMA were greater in the OPP condition, compared to the SOL or RAP conditions, on measures of “feel drug”, “dizzy” and on cardiovascular measures. But responses to the drug on other measures, including social behavior, did not differ across the conditions. Conclusions These findings provide some support for the idea that drugs produce greater effects when they are used in the presence of other drug users. However, the influence of the social context was modest, and it remains to be determined whether other variables related to social context would substantially alter the effects of MDMA or other drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDMA: a social drug in a social context

Kirkpatrick

Wit

2014

Psychopharmacology

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“…Subsequent studies provide support for this model. For example, clinical laboratory studies show that stimulant and sedative drugs increase verbal behavior and social interaction (Stitzer et al, 1981;Higgins and Stitzer, 1986;Ward et al, 1997), suggesting that the reinforcing effects of a drug are increased when there is a pharmacologically induced enhancement of social interaction (i.e., the cocktail-party phenomenon). This possibility has been examined by testing the effects of amphetamine, secobarbital, and marijuana on talking behavior and preference for social interaction among healthy volunteers (Heishman and Stitzer, 1989).…”

Section: B Social Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences and Social Influences on the Neurobehavioral Pharmacology of Abused Drugs

2013

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“…In many cultures alcohol is still consumed extensively and drinking is associated with disinhibition and its positive social effects. Indeed, several experimental studies have shown that alcohol increases talkativeness, self‐expression, sociability, friendliness, and positive mood (Babor et al., 1983; De Wit and Doty, 1994; Doty and De Wit, 1995; Knight and Godfrey, 1993; Lindfors and Lindman, 1987; Lindman, 1982; Smith et al., 1975; Stitzer et al., 1981). These effects may help explain the reinforcing properties of alcohol in social situations (Griffiths et al., 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol in a Social Context: Findings From Event‐Contingent Recording Studies of Everyday Social Interactions

Rot¹,

Russell²,

Moskowitz³

et al. 2008

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Alcohol consumption in a social context may have predominantly positive effects, an observation which is at odds with most alcohol-induced aggression experiments performed in laboratory settings. Drinking in everyday life may be less likely to result in aggression because, unlike in most laboratory experiments, individuals can choose among a variety of behaviors in response to social cues and the alcohol dose consumed is usually lower. Event-contingent recording provides a new approach for the study of alcohol's effects in everyday life and the conditions in which alcohol might result in interpersonal aggression.

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Human social conversation: Effects of ethanol, secobarbital and chlorpromazine

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

MDMA: a social drug in a social context

MDMA: a social drug in a social context

Individual Differences and Social Influences on the Neurobehavioral Pharmacology of Abused Drugs

Alcohol in a Social Context: Findings From Event‐Contingent Recording Studies of Everyday Social Interactions

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