Human Strongyloidiasis

Grove, David I.

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60036-6

Cited by 300 publications

(410 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Therefore a careful effort should be invested on an island like Iceland, where the nematode is not indigenous, to use all available means to eradicate the parasite when found. Dog owners and people in contact with dogs infected with with S. stercoralis should be informed about the zoonotic potential of the parasite (Grove 1996, Miyiazaki 1991 and the possible severity of infection in humans ). According to our knowledge there is no information that indicates that humans in contact with S. strongyloides infected dogs in Iceland have acquired infections from dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil transmitted intestinal nematode, primarily known as a parasite in humans and dogs (Shoop et al 2002), but also found in non-human primates and cats (Grove 1996, Júnior et al 2006 causing the disease strongyloidosis (Goncalves et al 2007, Requena-Méndez et al 2013. The life cycle is complex and involves both a freeliving developmental cycle and a parasitic life cycle (Shoop et al 2002, Bowman 2009, and autoinfection can occur within the host (Olsen et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strongyloides stercoralis found in imported dogs, household dogs and kennel dogs in Iceland

Eydal¹,

Skírnisson²

2016

IAS

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The aim of this paper is to report cases of the intestinal parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs in Iceland. The nematode was diagnosed in 20 (0.6%) of imported dogs in quaratine in Iceland during 1989-2016. Household dogs: The first case of S. stercoralis infection diagnosed outside quaratine in Iceland was in an unhealthy household puppy purchased from an Icelandic breeding kennel (Kennel A) in 2012. A total of nine puppies purchased from Kennel A, and two dogs which had contact with dogs from the kennel, were diagnosed with S. stercoralis. Kennel dogs: In 2012 S. stercoralis was confirmed in dozens of dogs in Kennel A. Follow-up examinations after anthelmintic treatments indicated a successful removal of worms in imported and household dogs. In spite of more than a dozen anthelmintic treatment actions and other arrangements in Kennel A since 2012, recurrent infections have repeatedly been confirmed, the last one in 2015. The nematode is believed to have been introduced to the breeding kennel with an imported dog, in spite of anthelmintic treatments in quarantine. YFIRLITSníkjuþráðormurinn Strongyloides stercoralis staðfestur á Íslandi í innfluttum hundum, heimilishundum og í hundaraektunarstöð. Markmið þessa yfirlits er að greina frá tilfellum sem greinst hafa af sníkjuþráðorminum Strongyloides stercoralis í hundum á Íslandi. Ormurinn hefur greinst í saursýnum úr 20 (0.6%) hundum sem fluttir voru til landins um einungrunarstöðvar á árunum 1989-2016. Heimilishundar: Fyrsta tilfelli utan einangrunarstöðva greindist í veikum heimilishvolpi sem keyptur var á íslenskri hundaraektunarstöð 2012. Ormurinn greindist í alls níu hvolpum sem keyptir voru á stöðinni og í tveimur heimilishundum sem höfðu haft samgang við hunda frá stöðinni. Hundaraektunarstöðin: S. stercoralis greindist í tugum hunda í stöðinni í byrjun árs 2012, baeði í hvolpum og fullorðnum hundum. Innfluttu hundarnir og heimilishundarnir fengu ormalyfjameðferð og eftirfylgnirannsóknir bentu til að tekist hefði að uppraeta ormana. Margendurteknar ormalyfjagjafir á árunum 2012 -2016 og aðrar aðgerðir í hundaraektunarstöðinni virðast hafa borið umtalsverðan árangur en ormurinn hefur þó greinst í stökum saursýnum á undanförnum árum, síðast í nóvember 2015. Talið er að þráðormurinn hafi borist inn í hundaraektunarstöðina með innfluttum hundi, þrátt fyrir endurteknar ormalyfjagjafir í einangrunarstöð, smitast milli hunda í raektunarstöðinni og borist þaðan út með seldum hundum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis found in imported dogs, household dogs and kennel dogs in Iceland

Eydal¹,

Skírnisson²

2016

IAS

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“…This parasite differs from other intestinal nematodes because of its capacity for replication inside the human host, which allows the perpetuation of autoinfection cycles by the production of larval forms within the infected organism. S. stercoralis infection may persist for decades in this way without any further exposure of the host to exterior infectious larvae (146,228).…”

Section: Infections Caused By Strongyloides Stercoralismentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY In recent years, the increasing number of donors from different regions of the world is providing a new challenge for the management and selection of suitable donors. This is a worldwide problem in most countries with transplantation programs, especially due to the increase in immigration and international travel. This paper elaborates recommendations regarding the selection criteria for donors from foreign countries who could potentially transmit tropical or geographically restricted infections to solid-organ transplant recipients. For this purpose, an extensive review of the medical literature focusing on viral, fungal, and parasitic infections that could be transmitted during transplantation from donors who have lived or traveled in countries where these infections are endemic has been performed, with special emphasis on tropical and imported infections. The review also includes cases described in the literature as well as risks of transmission during transplantation, microbiological tests available, and recommendations for each infection. A table listing different infectious agents with their geographic distributions and specific recommendations is included.

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“…Chronic, usually asymptomatic, gastrointestinal infections are found in most otherwise healthy individuals, however, in immunocompromised hosts or patients on immunosuppressive therapy, extreme multiplication of the parasite occurs with dissemination of larvae in the body (Neva, 1986;Grove, 1996). Strongyloidiasis is relatively common in tropical and subtropical areas such as the West Indies and in Okinawa, Japan, where HTLV-1 is also endemic (Patey et al, 1992;Satoh et al, 1991), and it is frequently associated with lymphoid malignancies, including ATL (Yamaguchi et al, 1988;Patey et al, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of IL-2/IL-2R system activation by parasite antigen in polyclonal expansion of CD4+25+ HTLV-1-infected T-cells in human carriers of both HTLV-1 and S. stercoralis

et al. 2002

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The intermediate state of HTLV-1 infection, often found in individuals dually infected with Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) and HTLV-1, is assumed to be a preleukemic state of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). To investigate the e ects of S. stercoralis superinfection on the natural history of HTLV-1 infection, we characterized peripheral blood samples of these individuals in Okinawa, Japan, an endemic area for both HTLV-1 and S. stercoralis and we studied e ects of the parasite antigen on T-cells. The dually infected individuals showed a signi®cantly higher provirus load and an increase in CD4 + 25 + T cell population, with a signi®cant, positive correlation. This increase was attributable to polyclonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected cells, as demonstrated by inverse-long PCR analysis of the integration sites. S. stercoralis antigen activated the IL-2 promoter in reporter gene assays, induced production of IL-2 by PBMC in vitro, and supported growth of IL-2 dependent cell lines immortalized by HTLV-1 infection or the transduction of Tax. Taken collectively, these results indicate that S. stercoralis infection induces polyclonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected cells by activating the IL-2/IL-2R system in dually infected carriers, an event which may be a precipitating factor for ATL and in¯ammatory diseases.

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Human Strongyloidiasis

Cited by 300 publications

References 143 publications

Strongyloides stercoralis found in imported dogs, household dogs and kennel dogs in Iceland

Strongyloides stercoralis found in imported dogs, household dogs and kennel dogs in Iceland

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

Involvement of IL-2/IL-2R system activation by parasite antigen in polyclonal expansion of CD4+25+ HTLV-1-infected T-cells in human carriers of both HTLV-1 and S. stercoralis

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