Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I Sequences Detected by Nested Polymerase Chain Reactions Are Not Associated With Multiple Sclerosis

Prayoonwiwat, Naraporn; Pease, Larry R.; Rodriguez, Moses

doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62078-3

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 antigen is present in CSF immune complexes of some individuals with MS [15]. Properly controlled polymerase chain reaction studies on CSF, brain, and blood from MS patients have failed to find evidence for HTLV-I [62] and HTLV-II [12]. The presence of "paramyxoviruslike" bodies in MS tissues is nonspecific and probably represent degenerative nuclear chromatin [30].…”

Section: Pathogens In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sclerosis: a unique immunopathological syndrome of the central nervous system

Hunter

Rodriguez

1995

Springer Semin Immunopathol

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Multiple sclerosis: a clinical neurological syndrome mediated by immune phenomenaMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common, disabling neurological syndrome of young adults. The etiology is idiopathic, yet most authorities agree that the immune system is crucial in the pathogenesis of the recurrent and chronic injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Nearly identical histopathological findings occur in MS and related clinical syndromes, designated as "demyelinating diseases." Clinical presentation differentiates MS from the monophasic syndromes (optic neuritis, acute transverse myelitis, and Marburg disease) and the less-common relapsing syndromes (Devic's disease, Balo's concentric sclerosis). A chronic progressive variant of MS is also well recognized.The primary pathological feature of demyelinating diseases is a focal loss of CNS myelin in the white matter, the areas of concentrated, parallel myelinated axons within the CNS. Oligodendroglia produce and maintain the myelin. This multilamellar lipid structure permits rapid, saltatory conduction of action potentials and mechanically separates CNS axons. The focal nature of demyelinating disease contrasts with the diffuse myelin loss of toxic or metabolic injuries, such as occurs in leukodystrophy, myelinolysis, radiation, and nutritional compromise. The great magnitude of myelin loss relative to the perivascular inflammatory infiltrate differentiates MS from the more cellular inflammatory response of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.Demyelinating disease afflicts 0.2% of individuals in high prevalence areas, and incidence is increasing. MS is not associated with other immune diseases [104]. Genetic studies reveal weak associations with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes and only moderate concordance in monozygous twins, supporting a polygenic inheritance for susceptibility and severity, as well as environmental factors.Correspondence to: M. Rodriguez

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Section: Pathogens In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sclerosis: a unique immunopathological syndrome of the central nervous system

Hunter

Rodriguez

1995

Springer Semin Immunopathol

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“…For some years retrovirus has been considered a possible candidate. Se rological and molecular biological studies originally showed an association of retrovirus with MS [1,2], These studies have not been confirmed [3,4], and conclusive evidence for the involvement of retrovirus in MS is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Multiple Sclerosis Caused by a Dual Infection with Retrovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus?

et al. 1992

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Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis is as yet unknown, epidemiological observations strongly point toward one or more infectious agent(s) being involved in the disease. In recent years some studies have indicated involvement of retrovirus in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, an intrafamilial epidemiological study revealed that MS and the known human retroviruses had a divergent epidemiology. Some studies have shown the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with MS and one recent study revealed dual infection by retrovirus and EBV in a cell line established from a patient with an MS-like disease. Our hypothesis for the development of MS and MS-like diseases is that a hitherto uncharacterized retrovirus is the etiological agent, but development of neurologic disease is related to or even dependent on a delayed EBV infection. The dual infection hypothesis is analyzed and found to be consistent with the epidemiological characteristics of MS.

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Retroviruses and Their Roles in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Autoimmunity

et al. 1995

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Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I Sequences Detected by Nested Polymerase Chain Reactions Are Not Associated With Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 60 publications

Multiple sclerosis: a unique immunopathological syndrome of the central nervous system

Multiple sclerosis: a unique immunopathological syndrome of the central nervous system

Is Multiple Sclerosis Caused by a Dual Infection with Retrovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus?

Retroviruses and Their Roles in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Autoimmunity

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