Human taurine metabolism: fluxes and fractional extraction rates of the gut, liver, and kidneys

Stijn, Mireille F. M. van; Vermeulen, Mechteld A. R.; Siroen, Michiel P. C.; Wong, L.; Tol, M.P. van den; Ligthart‐Melis, Gerdien C.; Houdijk, Alexander P. J.; Leeuwen, Paul A. M. van

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.12.005

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…So taurine is involved in numerous biological processes. 9 Lactate is a substance that is generated as decomposition of glycogen by using muscles to make the energy in the body. Lactate can enter into the TCA cycle as an energy source through oxidation by a simple reaction of lactate dehydrogenase in slow muscle fiber.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The difference of metabolic profile between male and female zebrafish

Yoon¹,

Choi²,

Choi³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society

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Various experiments using zebrafish have been highlighted recently in the scientific community. Because it is possible to conduct practical experiment from various neurological research to area of genetic study or toxicity experiment. However, gender difference effects are nearly not considered. If the gender differences of zebrafish are considered it is possible to obtain more accurate data. In this study, zebrafish which have different genders were compared each other with NMR-based metabolomics. The extracts of male and female zebrafish were measured by 600 MHz NMR spectrometer. Statistical analysis and target profiling were conducted. As a result, muscle related metabolites were observed in male zebrafish and nerve related metabolites were observed in female zebrafish.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The difference of metabolic profile between male and female zebrafish

Yoon¹,

Choi²,

Choi³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society

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“…The second component of the drug is taurine -sulfonic acid, which is formed in the body from cysteine amino acid (Blikhar et al, 2012;Wisher, 2012). Taurine is normally present in small amounts in the tissues and bile of humans and animals (Tiedemann et al, 1827;van Stijn et al, 2012).…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taurine forms conjugates with bile acids (acylating by bile acids on the amino group), and the formed conjugates (for example, taurochole and taurodeoxycholic acids) are part of bile, and, as surfactants, contribute to the emulsion of fats in the intestine. It participates in lipid metabolism, improves energy and metabolism, stimulates healing with dystrophic diseases and processes accompanied by significant metabolic disorders of tissues (Blikhar et al, 2012;Wisher, 2012;van Stijn et al, 2012). Under conditions of systemic exposure, taurine also has hepatoprotective, cardiotonic and antihypertensive properties.…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promising new fixed combination for the treatment of diseases of the hepatobiliar system: Substantiation of pharmacotherapeutic properties and pharmaceutical quality profile

Bondarenko

Горчакова

Golembiovska³

et al. 2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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In this review article an analysis of literature data on the pharmacological and clinical study of a fixed combination of medicinal substances (artichoke leaf extract, ursodeoxycholic acid, taurine, and Angelica sinensis roots extract), as well a scientific substantiation of the pharmaceutical quality profile of the corresponding finished solid dosage form has been conducted. Chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system are some of the most common human diseases and inferior only to atherosclerosis . The fact that cholecystectomy is the most common surgical operation in the abdominal organs is evidenced by the widespread distribution of the pathology of the biliary system. The fact that there is an increasing number of diagnoses of cholelithiasis in children and infants is a cause for concern. Diseases of the biliary system are closely related to violations of the functional state of the liver. Synthesis of cholesterol supplemented bile with reduced bile acid content significantly increases the risk of gallstones, as well as gallbladder cholesterol. We have substantiated that the developed preparation is a fixed combination of medicinal substances with well-researched medical applications in the treatment of dyspeptic disorders with functional disorders of the biliary system, biliary dyskinesia of the hypokinetic type, and gastritis with reflux of bile. Each of the components of the fixed combination has an important influence on the human hepatobiliary system. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid is due to the relative replacement of lipophilic toxic bile acids, improving the secretory capacity of hepatocytes and immunoregulatory processes, which is especially important in liver and cholestatic diseases. Taurine is a synergist of ursodeoxycholic acid, since it forms biliary conjugates in the liver. The artichoke extract has choleretic, hepatoprotective and diuretic effects, while the A. sinensis roots extract demonstrates moderate spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory properties. We conducted a general description of active pharmaceutical ingredients and a review of biopharmaceutical tests, analyzed relevant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, and summarized the results of clinical efficacy and safety trials. Particular attention is paid to the results of clinical studies of the developed fixed combination. It should be noted that artichoke leaf extract, ursodeoxycholic acid, and taurine are widely used throughout the world in official medicine, at the same time, A. sinensis roots extract is more widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The fixed combination has a favorable safety profile, is investigated in clinical conditions in vivo both in the form of individual components and in the form of a single drug. A fixed combination pharmaceutical profile is based on the general requirements for solid dosage forms, as well as experimentally substantiated specific indicators and research methods.

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“…Taurine is a final product of sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism in mammals. Its main function in the body is the conjugation of cholesterol into bile acids, changing cholesterol's solubility and enabling its excretion [11,12]. These organic acids are related to the realgar induced biochemical pathways perturbation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%