Human tick infestation pattern, tick-bite rate, and associated Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection risk during occupational tick exposure at the Seedorf military training area, northwestern Germany

Faulde, Michael; Rutenfranz, Martin; Hepke, Jürgen; Rogge, Mareike; Görner, Andreas; Keth, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.04.009

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the German study, the majority of ticks removed from the skin of soldiers stationed on the military training grounds were also nymphs (63.9%); the proportion of larvae was 24.7% and the adult females accounted for 10.9% of all ticks [39]. Nymphs were also prevalent in the Swiss study (64%), with significantly fewer females (33.3%) and larvae (1.6%) [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In the German research of ticks acquired from soldiers, the corresponding results were as follows: 3.5%, 4.4% and 13% [39]. By contrast, in the Romanian study the infected ticks accounted for 10.7% of nymphs and 12.6% of adult specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The positive samples were 42 Ixodes ricinus (11.1%) B. burgdorferi sensu lato prevalence. In turn, a German study conducted in 2009, focusing on ticks removed from the skin of soldiers residing in military training grounds, indicated that the infestation of ticks was 5.3% [39]. This study was conducted throughout the entire year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Prevalence of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in ticks removed from skin of people and circumstances of being bitten – research from the area of Poland, 2012–2014

Gałęziowska¹,

Rzymowska²,

Najda³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. During feeding, the tick sucks blood from the host along with the pathogens that are in the blood, simultaneously exchanging its own pathogens with the host. Humans can also be a host. It is important to understand the most typical circumstances in which people might become infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. This knowledge will help to prepare health education programmes aimed at the prevention of Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the percentage of ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, depending on the circumstances of getting bitten. Materials and method. The research material consisted of ticks acquired from people who had been bitten, and questionnaires completed by these people. 510 ticks were acquired from 257 females and 253 males. Following delivery of a tick for testing, the stage of its development was determined and a molecular assay of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA performed. Results. A positive result of the nested-PCR test was obtained in 78 ticks, which represents 15.30% of all ticks. The infected ticks were collected from male (41 ticks -52.56%) and female subjects (37 ticks -47.44%). The biggest number of infected ticks were collected in autumn (54 ticks -69.23%) and from people who had been into forests (44 ticks -56.41%). Among the people from whom the infected ticks were acquired, the dominating group included persons over 16 years of age (53 persons -67.95%) and children aged 0-5 years (16 persons -20.51%). One in four infected ticks were acquired from the southwestern (20 ticks -25.64%) and eastern regions of Poland (21 ticks -26.92%). Conclusion. Infestation of ticks infected with Lyme disease spirochete in this study proved to be variable and depend on the season, the area of tick attack and the region in Poland. The results of the study clearly show that ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi inhabit all regions of Poland. The results are consistent with National Institute of Hygiene data which indicates that Lyme disease cases are recorded in all regions of Poland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Prevalence of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in ticks removed from skin of people and circumstances of being bitten – research from the area of Poland, 2012–2014

Gałęziowska¹,

Rzymowska²,

Najda³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…However, only very few studies have attempted to quantify the rate at which users of tick-infested habitat actually get bitten. One survey, of 568 soldiers at an outdoor training base in Germany, recorded 710 tick bites during April–September 2009, a mean incidence rate of 2.3 bites/1,000 person-days ( 20 ). More recently, a survey of 931 scouts attending summer camps in Belgium yielded a mean incidence rate of 22.8 tick bites/1,000 person-days ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Mass-Participation Outdoor Events to Assess Human Exposure to Tickborne Pathogens

Hall¹,

Alpers²,

Bown³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Mapping the public health threat of tickborne pathogens requires quantification of not only the density of infected host-seeking ticks but also the rate of human exposure to these ticks. To efficiently sample a high number of persons in a short time, we used a mass-participation outdoor event. In June 2014, we sampled ≈500 persons competing in a 2-day mountain marathon run across predominantly tick-infested habitat in Scotland. From the number of tick bites recorded and prevalence of tick infection with Borrelia burgdoferi sensu lato and B. miyamotoi, we quantified the frequency of competitor exposure to the pathogens. Mass-participation outdoor events have the potential to serve as excellent windows for epidemiologic study of tickborne pathogens; their concerted use should improve spatial and temporal mapping of human exposure to infected ticks.

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“…Beside model assumptions and selected climate parameters, the number of georeferenced tick locations available as a digital dataset is of fundamental importance for the reliability of modelling results. They comprise distributions of tick species as well as the distribution patterns of tick-borne diseases such as tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme borreliosis [4], babesiosis [5,6], rickettsiosis [7] and others [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first German map of georeferenced ixodid tick locations

Rubel

Brugger

Monazahian³

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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Background: Georeferenced locations of ixodid ticks are required to depict the observed distribution of species. Further, they are used as input data for species distribution models also known as niche models. The latter were applied to describe current and future (projected) tick distributions. Beside model assumptions and selected climate parameters, the number of georeferenced tick locations available as a digital dataset is of fundamental importance for the reliability of such models. For Germany, however, no comprehensive dataset of ixodid tick species exists. The goal of this study was to put together all the available information on ixodid tick locations in Germany to produce such a digital dataset and to visualize it in a map. Findings: A total of 2,044 georeferenced locations of ixodid ticks in Germany were compiled from two existing datasets (altogether 993 locations) and an extensive literature study (1,051 locations). The resulting digital dataset comprises the following tick species: Ixodes ricinus (1,855 locations), Ixodes apronophorus (1), Ixodes frontalis (1), Ixodes hexagonus (1), Ixodes trianguliceps (4), Dermacentor marginatus (77), Dermacentor reticulatus (96), Haemaphysalis concinna (8) and Hyalomma marginatum (1). The data were used to draw a tick map for Germany, showing I. ricinus occurring in the whole federal territory, while D. marginatus has been restricted to the climatically favoured region of the Rhine valley. Clustered locations of D. reticulatus were also documented in the Rhine valley as well as in Berlin and its vicinity. Conclusions: The introduced map depicts for the first time the available geographical coordinates of ixodid tick locations in Germany. The digital dataset used to draw the map is provided to the scientific community as a basis for further investigations such as species distribution modelling.

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Human tick infestation pattern, tick-bite rate, and associated Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection risk during occupational tick exposure at the Seedorf military training area, northwestern Germany

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in ticks removed from skin of people and circumstances of being bitten – research from the area of Poland, 2012–2014

Prevalence of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in ticks removed from skin of people and circumstances of being bitten – research from the area of Poland, 2012–2014

Use of Mass-Participation Outdoor Events to Assess Human Exposure to Tickborne Pathogens

The first German map of georeferenced ixodid tick locations

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