Human Trafficking: A Guide to Identification and Approach for the Emergency Physician

Abstract

Human trafficking is a significant human rights problem that is often associated with psychological and physical violence. There is no demographic that is spared from human trafficking. Traffickers maintain control of victims through physical, sexual, and emotional violence and manipulation. Because victims of trafficking seek medical attention for the medical and psychological consequences of assault and neglected health conditions, emergency clinicians are in a unique position to recognize victims and intervene. Evaluation of possible trafficking victims is challenging because patients who have been exploited rarely self-identify. This article outlines the clinical approach to the identification and treatment of a potential victim of human trafficking in the emergency department. Emergency practitioners should maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating patients who appear to be at risk for abuse and violence, and assess for specific indicators of trafficking. Potential victims should be evaluated with a multidisciplinary and patient-centered technique. Furthermore, emergency practitioners should be aware of national and local resources to guide the approach to helping identified victims. Having established protocols for victim identification, care, and referrals can greatly facilitate health care providers' assisting this population.

Taking Up the Mantle of Human Trafficking Education: Who Should Be Responsible?

“…The psychological toll of trafficking includes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, shame, guilt, nightmares, flashbacks, and drug and alcohol addiction. Among reproductive complaints, victims reported sexual violence, unwanted pregnancy, STIs, miscarriages, and forced abortions [6,9,10].…”

Human Trafficking in Areas of Conflict: Health Care Professionals' Duty to Act

“…There is evidence that clinicians, when appropriately trained, can effectively identify patients with a trafficking experience [16,17], and several guidelines exist to help clinicians develop appropriate techniques for interviewing and examining patients who may be trafficked [18][19][20]. But screening in conflict settings involves special difficulties that may not pertain to stable environments, such as an increased physical danger to both the patient and practitioner given the general context of conflict and the lack of accountability of and protection by state and international legal systems [21].…”

Mandatory and permissive reporting laws: obligations, challenges, moral dilemmas, and opportunities

“…The awareness of the crime of human trafficking and its terrible toll has increased in recent years . Human trafficking includes both sex and labor trafficking.…”