Human Trafficking and Health: A Survey of Male and Female Survivors in England

Oram, Siân; Abas, Melanie; Bick, Debra; Boyle, Adrian; French, Rebecca; Jakobowitz, Sharon; Khondoker, Mizanur; Stanley, Nicky; Trevillion, Kylee; Howard, Louise M.; Zimmerman, Cathy

doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303095

Cited by 117 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Failure to fulfill breadwinner expectations and feelings of guilt or shame post-trafficking is common among men [54,85]. Injuries have been also been associated with higher odds of incurring mental health disorders among labour-trafficked men [18]. Trafficked males who have incurred injuries will require both clinical services to treat physical wounds, and may also require mental health support and job placement services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study among male trafficking survivors in the UK found that 42.3% of men reported violence and 32.7% experienced injury during trafficking [18]. The limited research on trafficked men also suggests the links between acts associated with human trafficking and mental health problems, specifically indicating that injuries during trafficking, restricted freedom, physical violence, fear of traffickers and lack of a confidante were associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder [18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Labour Trafficking among Men and Boys in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Exploitation, Violence, Occupational Health Risks and Injuries

et al. 2016

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BackgroundMen comprise nearly two-thirds of trafficked and forced labourers in common low-skilled labour sectors including fishing, agriculture and factory work. Yet, most evidence on human trafficking has focused on women and girls trafficked for sex work, with scant research on trafficked men and boys.MethodsWe analyse survey data from the largest systematic consecutive sample of trafficked people collected to date to describe the prevalence of violence, occupational health risks and injuries and associated factors. Participants were labour-trafficked men and boys using post-trafficking support services in Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam.FindingsData are presented on 446 males aged 10–58. Men and boys were mainly trafficked for fishing (61.7%), manufacturing (19.1%) and begging (5.2%). Fishermen worked extensive hours (mean 18.8 hours/day, SD 5.9) and factory workers worked on average 11.9 hours/day (SD 2.9). 35.5% of male survivors had been injured while trafficked; 29.4% received no personal protective equipment (e.g. gloves). The most commonly reported injuries among all males were deep cuts (61.8%) and skin injuries (36.7%), injuries for which fewer than one-quarter reported receiving medical care. Six fishermen lost body parts, none of whom received medical care. Most males (80.5%) had no or very few rest breaks. One-third (37.8%) experienced severe violence. Work-related injuries were associated with severe violence (AOR 3.44, CI:1.63–7.26), being in the fishing sector, (AOR 4.12, CI:2.39–7.09) and threats (AOR 2.77, CI:1.62–4.75). Experiencing any violence was associated with threats (AOR 26.86, CI:14.0–51.23), being in the fishing sector (AOR 18.53, CI:8.74–39.28) and fluency in language of destination country (AOR 0.39, CI:0.20–0.75).ConclusionThis study highlights the abuse and extreme occupational hazards suffered by trafficked men and boys. Occupational health and safety interventions are urgently needed to protect male migrant labourers working in high-risk sectors, particularly fishing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labour Trafficking among Men and Boys in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Exploitation, Violence, Occupational Health Risks and Injuries

et al. 2016

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“…Although not clearly established, other risk factors perhaps include diagnosis of a major mental disorder and substance use disorders. Furthermore, psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders, are common sequelae of being trafficked [33,34]. Possible consequences of sex trafficking include pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections [35,36].…”

Section: Sexual Violence and Family Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Planning and the Scope of the “Reproductive Psychiatry” Curriculum

et al. 2018

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“…Male survivors suffer the same problems in smaller numbers [17]. The loss of choice that is fundamental to trafficking leads to a loss of sense of self [18].…”

Section: Preventing Harm To Trafficking Survivor Artistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Art Therapy Exhibitions: Exploitation or Advocacy?

Davis

2017

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Promoting awareness of human trafficking by sharing trauma survivors' art and summaries of their life stories suggests ethical complexities that have been typically neglected by bioethicists. Although these survivors voluntarily share the objects they created during art therapy sessions, they are still at risk of harm, including further exploitation, due to their vulnerability, high rates of victim sensitivity, and the mental health consequences of their traumatic experiences. While some argue that the benefits of sublimation and art therapy for human trafficking survivors make sharing their art worth the risk, anti-trafficking organizations and supporters of such art exhibitions have responsibilities to be trauma informed. Because you have listened to my story I can let go of my demons.Murasaki Shikibu [1]

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Human Trafficking and Health: A Survey of Male and Female Survivors in England

Abstract: Psychological interventions to support the recovery of this highly vulnerable population are urgently needed.

Cited by 117 publications

References 12 publications

Labour Trafficking among Men and Boys in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Exploitation, Violence, Occupational Health Risks and Injuries

Labour Trafficking among Men and Boys in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Exploitation, Violence, Occupational Health Risks and Injuries

Family Planning and the Scope of the “Reproductive Psychiatry” Curriculum

Art Therapy Exhibitions: Exploitation or Advocacy?

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