Human Trafficking and Psychiatric Education: A Call to Action

Coverdale, John; Beresin, Eugene V.; Louie, Alan K.; Balon, Richard; Roberts, Laura Weiss

doi:10.1007/s40596-015-0462-2

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is notable given the extremely high mental health needs among CSE youth. Given the dearth of evidence-based therapies for CSE youth (Ijadi-Maghsoodi, Cook, Barnert, Gaboian, & Bath, 2016) and that many mental health providers may not receive CSEC specific training (Beck et al, 2015; Coverdale, Beresin, Louie, Balon, & Roberts, 2016), these findings suggest that CSE youth may require unique approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercially sexually exploited youths’ health care experiences, barriers, and recommendations: A qualitative analysis

Ijadi-Maghsoodi¹,

Bath

Cook

et al. 2018

Child Abuse & Neglect

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The current study sought to understand commercially sexually exploited (CSE) youths' health care experiences, barriers to care, and recommendations for improving health care services. We conducted focus groups (N=5) with 18 CSE youth from February 2015 through May 2016 at two group homes serving CSE youth in Southern California. We performed thematic content analysis to identify emergent themes about CSE youths' perspectives on health care. Youth described facilitators to care, including availability of services such as screening for sexually transmitted infections, knowledge about sexual health, and a strong motivation to stay healthy. Barriers included feeling judged, concerns about confidentiality, fear, perceived low quality of services, and self-reliance. Overall, youth emphasized self-reliance and "street smarts" for survival and de-emphasized "victimhood," which shaped their interactions with health care, and recommended that health providers develop increased understanding of CSE youth. Our findings suggest that providers and community agencies can play an essential role in raising awareness of the needs of CSE youth and meet their health needs through creating a non-judgmental environment in health care settings that validates the experiences of these youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercially sexually exploited youths’ health care experiences, barriers, and recommendations: A qualitative analysis

Ijadi-Maghsoodi¹,

Bath

Cook

et al. 2018

Child Abuse & Neglect

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“…In the years following that publication, more evidence has emerged about the health consequences of HT, the types of HCPs encountering trafficking victims, and the gaps in HCP knowledge about the problem [ 12 – 14 ]. In recognition of the importance of medical education on trafficking, medical professional societies and academics have called for HT awareness among family medicine practitioners [ 15 ], midwives [ 16 ], nurses [ 17 , 18 ], dentists [ 19 ], pediatricians [ 20 ], emergency department (ED) physicians [ 3 – 5 ] obstetricians-gynecologists [ 21 ], psychiatrists [ 22 ], and public health practitioners [ 23 ]. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has placed HT training in the top ten policies to be supported by its Board [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training US health care professionals on human trafficking: where do we go from here?

Powell

Dickins

Stoklosa

2017

Medical Education Online

102

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Some 21 million adults and children are labor-trafficked or sex-trafficked through force, fraud, or coercion. In recognition of the interface between trafficking victims and the healthcare setting, over the last 10 years there has been a notable increase in training of health care professionals (HCPs) on human trafficking (HT) and its health implications. Many organizations have developed curricula and offered training in various clinical settings. However, methods and content of this education on trafficking vary widely, and there is little evaluation of the impact of the training. The goal of this study was to assess the gaps and strengths in HT education of HCPs in the US. This mixed-method study had two components. The first component consisted of structured interviews with experts in human trafficking HCP education. The second portion of the study involved an analysis of data from HCP calls to the National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC). The interviews captured trainer-specific data on types of HT training, duration and frequency, key content areas, presence of evaluation approaches and indicators, as well as an assessment of barriers and strengths in HT training for HCP. NHTRC call database analysis demonstrated increasing trends since 2008 in calls by HCPs. Overall findings revealed the need for standardization of HT training content to assure correct information, trauma-informed and patient-centered care, and consistent messaging for HCPs. Evaluation metrics for HT training need to be developed to demonstrate behavior change and impact on service delivery and patient-centered outcomes for HT victims, according to our proposed adapted Kirkpatrick’s Pyramid model. HT training and evaluation would benefit from an agency or institution at the national level to provide consistency and standardization of HT training content as well as to guide a process that would develop metrics for evaluation and the building of an evidence base. Abbreviations: AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics; ACF: Administration for Children and Families; CME: Continuing medical education; ED: Emergency department; HCP: Health care professional; HEAL: Health, Education, Advocacy, and Linkage; HHS: United States Department of Health and Human Services; HT: Human trafficking; IOM: United States Institute of Medicine; MH: Mental health; NHTRC: National Human Trafficking Resource Center; SOAR: Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond to Health and Wellness Training

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“…There remains a paucity of knowledge of what is good evidence-based therapy for children and young people who have been trafficked and subject to sexual exploitation (Ijadi-Maghsoodi, Cook, Barnert, Gaboian, & Bath, 2016). This is exacerbated as studies reported inadequate specialist training for trauma among mental health providers (Beck et al, 2015;Coverdale, Beresin, Louie, Balon, & Roberts, 2016). Notably, traditional mental health service models that work with adult survivors of sex trafficking have not been effective in addressing the complex mental health needs of child survivors of CCSE (Clawson, Dutch, Salomon & Grace, 2009).…”

Section: Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Towards Self-actualization: A Trauma-Informed and Needs-Focused Approach to the Mental Health Needs of Survivors of Commercial Child Sexual Exploitation

Laser-Maira

Peach

Hounmenou

2019

IJSW

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There is increasing evidence that children who are subject to commercial child sexual exploitation (CCSE) are likely to experience complex mental health needs. Failure to address the trauma experienced by victims of CCSE can lead to suicide attempts, self-harm, and long-term mental health needs (Powell, Asbill, Louis, & Stoklosa, 2018). A ‘trauma-informed’ approach (TIA) creates a responsive environment that improves the motivation of victims of CCSE to seek treatment and service providers to address unmet needs. Merging Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs with a TIA approach provides a comprehensive framework to assess the service requirements necessary to meet CCSE survivors’ needs. Particularly, when Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model is coupled with contemporary extensions, which address our greater understanding of the neurological impact of abuse on physiological well-being greater resilience can be created. Additionally, a TIA instigates a shift from victims of CCSE being viewed as damaged, to an understanding of the impact abusive experiences have had on their development. That approach permits them and others to perceive their “survivorhood” and develop their capacity to achieve self-actualization. This paper critically examines what is constituted as best practice in trauma-informed mental health service delivery to not only meet needs but to support CCSE survivors’ attainment of self-actualization.

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Human Trafficking and Psychiatric Education: A Call to Action

Abstract: Many and sharp the num'rous ills Inwoven with our frame! More pointed still we make ourselves, Regret, remorse, and shame! And man, whose heav'n-erected face The smiles of love adorn, − Man's inhumanity to man Makes countless thousands mourn!

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Commercially sexually exploited youths’ health care experiences, barriers, and recommendations: A qualitative analysis

Commercially sexually exploited youths’ health care experiences, barriers, and recommendations: A qualitative analysis

Training US health care professionals on human trafficking: where do we go from here?

Moving Towards Self-actualization: A Trauma-Informed and Needs-Focused Approach to the Mental Health Needs of Survivors of Commercial Child Sexual Exploitation

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