Human trafficking as a fisheries crime? An application of the concept to the New Zealand context

Stringer, Christina; Harré, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.12.024

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, the DATASUS notification form does not include the variable “modality” of human trafficking, which makes it even more difficult to characterize the profile since human trafficking is often associated with gender differences and socioeconomic conditions. For example, women and girls are often trafficked for sexual exploitation, forced marriage, and domestic work (International Labor Organization, 2017; Qiu et al, 2019; UNODC, 2016), while men appear to be more vulnerable to trafficking in various armed conflicts, and commercial fishing, sometimes called “sea slavery” (Akhtar, 2019; Stringer & Harré, 2019). As for the ethnic minority and economically marginalized populations, they commonly work in some of the most exploitative and harmful sectors, such as leather tanning, mining, and quarries (Kakar, 2020; Malinowski & Schulze, 2018; Sampaio & Nogueira, 2018; Singh et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Reported Trafficking in Persons in Brazil Between 2009 and 2017

Passos

Santana

Cordero-Ramos

et al. 2020

J Interpers Violence

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The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal evolution of the number of human trafficking cases notified by the health system in Brazil, considering the characteristics of the population. This article carries out a descriptive study on reports of trafficking in persons in consultation with the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. This is a profile of reported trafficking in persons in Brazil between 2009 and 2017. Incidence rates were calculated with adjustments to the population record for each year and presented on a scale of 1:1,000,000 inhabitants. We developed a Poisson regression model to evaluate the ratio of the incidence rate. According to available data, there were 1,011 victims reported in the health system during the study period. The predominant profile of the population exposed to such violence is female, aged between 20 and 29 years, with low education and brown skin. There was a trend growth of annual reports about 10 percentage points ( p < .0001) and all regions had significantly higher incidence rates than the Southeast ( p < .0001), mainly Midwest, North and South. This means that the regions with the highest incidence rates have international land borders. Given the predominance of women in young adulthood, it is inferred that the majority were trafficked for sexual exploitation. This research represents a pioneering approach to the use and modeling of human trafficking data available in the Brazilian public health system. There is a probable underreporting of cases of trafficking in persons who transit health services. As such, identification methods for hard-to-reach populations should be integrated into future research on human trafficking to increase the likelihood of capturing victims.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Reported Trafficking in Persons in Brazil Between 2009 and 2017

Passos

Santana

Cordero-Ramos

et al. 2020

J Interpers Violence

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“…hours, wages), the withholding of wages, use of debt bondage and financial penalties making it near impossible for fishers to leave their employers (Chantavanich et al, 2016; Simmons & Stringer, 2014). For example, Stringer and Harré (2019) documented cases of Indonesian crew on Korean boats being coerced into signing incorrect timesheets which were then used to underpay them, with little to no records being kept of wages and bonuses over the term of their contract. In other cases, crew members have been forced to pay back broker fees that amount to many months of salary (Marschke & Vandergeest, 2016) and are dependent on agents or their employer to transfer money home to their families (Stringer & Harré, 2019).…”

Section: Evidence For Five Types Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender‐based violence: Relevance for fisheries practitioners

et al. 2023

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Fisheries and aquaculture are a source of food, nutritional security and livelihoods for approximately 1 billion people residing predominantly in the Global South (Short et al., 2021). Fair, equitable and functioning families, communities and societies are critical to building resilience in fisheries and the people who are dependent upon them (Coulthard et al., 2020;Lawless et al., 2021). The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights treaties (Resolution A/RES/70/1, UN General Assembly). This means that fisheries practitioners and policy makers (i.e. professionals undertaking research, providing advice or managing fisheries), need to recognise that Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 Life Below Water is rooted in human rights principles and standards, including gender equality (SDG 5

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“…In addition to excessive bycatches, historically poor enforcement has also failed to prevent labor standards violations; and the quota system, while creating a type of governability, reproduces marginality among smaller fishers (NIWA, nd;McCormack, 2017;Torkington, 2016;Stringer et al, 2016;Song et al, 2019). After allegations of illegal dumping, inhumane labor conditions, and human trafficking, the government banned foreign-flagged fishing vessels from operating in New Zealand waters from 2016, forcing them to re-flag as New Zealand vessels under domestic labor and environmental laws (Stringer & Harré, 2019). In mid-2022, to boost reporting transparency, the government began a two-year rollout to equip 300 inshore fishing vessels with cameras (MPI, 2022b).…”

Section: Fisheriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The politics of animal extinction and conservation: Interests, framing, and policy

Armoudian

Poulsen

2023

Journal of Political Ecology

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Why do conservation policies fail to prevent species extinctions and die-offs in contravention of stated intentions and goals? Bringing together a range of literature, including political ecology, political theory, conservation science, communication theory, environmental communication, with original data, this article explores this question, then addresses these failures within Aotearoa New Zealand's context. Using the New Zealand case, it offers a systems-level view of these failures, focusing on the influences and limitations that arise from the political-economic structures, fractured governance, interest group influence, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in representative democracies. Secondly, in these settings, we argue that communication and framing by the interested parties—politicians, government officials, interest groups and NGOs—buttress this system, partly by normalizing it, obscuring scientific realities, shifting focus away from deeper issues, and thus limiting the possibility of substantive solutions in what might be called a colonization of consciousness. Together, this economic-political-communication complex has failed to prevent—and in some ways aided—mass die-offs of native animal species. The article then suggests exploring alternative models, such as deliberative democracy, to this seemingly intractable problem, to strengthen the influence of scientific expertise, better inform decision-makers, advance public understandings of science, and improve democracy by engaging members of the public in decision-making processes. While this study focuses on New Zealand, the issues related to political ecology, the political-economic systems, and the framing of issues, apply to many democratic countries.

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Human trafficking as a fisheries crime? An application of the concept to the New Zealand context

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Profile of Reported Trafficking in Persons in Brazil Between 2009 and 2017

Profile of Reported Trafficking in Persons in Brazil Between 2009 and 2017

Gender‐based violence: Relevance for fisheries practitioners

The politics of animal extinction and conservation: Interests, framing, and policy

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