Human ventilatory response to washed and unwashed cottons from different growing areas.

Petsonk, Edward L.; Olenchock, S. A.; Castellan, Robert M.; Banks, Darla; Mull, Judith C.; Hankinson, John; Bragg, Kenneth; Perkins, Henry H.; Cocke, Joseph B.

doi:10.1136/oem.43.3.182

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Their results show that decreases in FEV, related more strongly to endotoxin content than to the mass exposure level of total dust. Indeed, washing cotton to lower the endotoxin content caused cotton dust to be a less potent inducer of airway obstruction (81). A similar correlation has also been noted in an epidemiological study of the incidence of byssinosis in cotton textile workers (82).…”

Section: Identification Ofetiologic Agentssupporting

confidence: 54%

Pulmonary Reactions to Organic Dust Exposures: Development of an Animal Model

Castranova¹,

Robinson²,

Frazer³

1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Acute inhalation of organic dusts such as cotton, hay, silage, grain, animal confinement, or compost dust can result in illness characterized by fever, pulmonary inflammation, chest tightness, and airway obstruction. These agricultural materials are complex mixtures of plant, bacterial, and fungal products. Elucidation of the time course of disease onset, the mechanisms of disease progression, and the identity of etiologic agents is essential for effective prevention and treatment. Toward this end, animal models for acute organic dust-induced reactions have been developed and characterized. Information concerning the applicability of various animal models to humans and progress toward elucidation of causative agents and mechanisms of action is presented. Environ Health Perspect 104(Suppl 1): 41-53 (1996)

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Section: Identification Ofetiologic Agentssupporting

confidence: 54%

Pulmonary Reactions to Organic Dust Exposures: Development of an Animal Model

Castranova¹,

Robinson²,

Frazer³

1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to experimental animals induce a clinical syndrome similar to that observed in humans with gram negative infections [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. LPS has also been implicated in the pathogenesis ofbyssinosis [11][12][13][14]. This respiratory disease occurs among textile workers in natural fiber (i.e., cotton, flax) processing mills [11,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPS has also been implicated in the pathogenesis ofbyssinosis [11][12][13][14]. This respiratory disease occurs among textile workers in natural fiber (i.e., cotton, flax) processing mills [11,[14][15][16]. It is characterized [17] by chest tightness on the first day of the work week accompanied by an impairment ,of respiratory function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding between lipopolysaccharide and cecropin A

1995

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Cecropin A (CA), a bioactive peptide, produced significant lethality to Pantoea agglomerans (PA) at low concentrations. Significant mortality occurred immediately after addition of CA. Separate preincubations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the following bacteria: PA, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli (EC), and Salmonella typhimurium with CA were performed prior to the bioassay. CA was also preincubated with diphosphoryl lipid A (DPL-A) from EC and S. minnesota (SM), trilinolein, palmitic, lauric and myristic acids (fatty acids contained in the lipid A of PA-LPS) and bovine brain gangliosides. Spectral analysis to determine the interaction between glycosphingolipids (sphingomyelin, bovine brain gangliosides, and galactocerebrosides) and CA were performed. Results showed that all types of LPS and DPL-A as well as gangliosides studied blocked CA lethality to PA. The level of inhibition of CA antibacterial properties was dependent on LPS and DPL-A concentration. The individual fatty acids and trilinolein did not affect CA lethality to PA. Spectral studies showed complexation between CA and PA-LPS, both types of DPL-A, and the glycosphingolipids. Biological and chemical analyses confirm that CA binds to the diphosphoryl lipid A moiety of LPS.

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“…They also found that carding washed cotton generated a lower fine dust concentration (0.16 mg/m3) than carding raw cotton (0.89 Mg/M3), but the washed cotton was difficult to process in the mill. Since that time, human challenge experiments with dust from a variety of washed and raw cottons have shown that washing cotton prior to carding substantially reduces its ability to cause lung function decrements [ 1,2,3,4,9,31,34,39], while [51 ]. These studies compare the effects of washing dust from carding these cottons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Domelsmith

Berni

Cocke

1986

Textile Research Journal

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The chemical compositions of four cottons from a 1982 washed cotton study conducted by the Industry/Government/Union Task Force for Byssinosis Prevention were established by proximate and elemental analyses. The four cotton samples were an unwashed control grown in Mississippi and the corresponding washed, bleached, and scoured/bleached processed cottons. The proximate analyses consisted of serial solvent extractions that furnished data on moisture, water extractables, ethanol extractables, ethanolamine extractables, cellulose, and insoluble residue. Ash production was also measured for the four cotton lint samples. Elemental analyses were performed by x-ray fluorescence for potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur, and by Kjeldahl analysis for nitrogen. The analyses demonstrate that the water wash and the scouring procedure are responsible for substantially increasing the purity of the cotton fiber. The level of water extractables was reduced by the water washing process, while the level of ethanolamine extractables was reduced by the scouring process. The washed cotton sample contained much smaller amounts of potassium and magnesium compounds than the unwashed control. Ash was reduced to approximately the same level by each of the washing processes.The nitrogen and calcium contents dropped steadily with increasing severity of processing conditions. The changes in chemical composition of cotton lint on processing are related to the layered structured of the cotton fiber. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, have determined the effects that dusts from these cottons have on pulmonary function in a group of human volunteers through measurements of the change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) on exposure to dust generated by carding the cotton samples. All three processed cottons were considerably less active than the unwashed control. Many of the chemical composition parameters showed a marked decrease with water washing alone.In 1973, Merchant and co-workers reported a series oaf experiments demonstrating that thorough washing of cotton prior to carding in a textile mill completely eliminated the biological activity of card dust in a human panel [30]. They also found that carding washed cotton generated a lower fine dust concentration (0.16 mg/m3) than carding raw cotton (0.89 Mg/M3), but the washed cotton was difficult to process in the mill. Since that time, human challenge experiments with dust from a variety of washed and raw cottons have shown that washing cotton prior to carding substantially reduces its ability to cause lung function decrements [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 31, 34, 39], while processing experiments have corroborated the work of Merchant et al. in decreased dust production by washed cotton [5, 23, 26, 27, 36, , 37, 39, 45]. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, Clemson, South Carolina and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia, have conducted several washed c...

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Human ventilatory response to washed and unwashed cottons from different growing areas.

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Pulmonary Reactions to Organic Dust Exposures: Development of an Animal Model

Pulmonary Reactions to Organic Dust Exposures: Development of an Animal Model

Binding between lipopolysaccharide and cecropin A

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

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