“…Aside from communication through verbal content, paralinguistic elements of the voice during speech enable individual recognition and assessment of the speaker's physical characteristics such as sex (Puts, Apicella, & Cárdenas, 2012), body size (Feinberg, Jones, Little, Burt, & Perrett, 2005;Xu, Lee, Wu, Liu, & Birkholz, 2013), physical strength (Sell et al, 2010), femininity (Feinberg, 2008;Feinberg, Jones, DeBruine, et al, 2005), attractiveness (Feinberg, Jones, Little, et al, 2005;Feinberg, Jones, DeBruine, et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2013), conception risk (Pipitone & Gallup, 2008), and sexual maturity (Mulac & Giles, 1996). In humans, perceived attractiveness and mate quality can be manipulated by artificially lowering the pitch of male voices or artificially increasing it in female voices, commensurate with sex-typical vocal properties (Collins, 2000;Feinberg, Jones, Little, et al, 2005).…”