Human Whole-Body Radiofrequency Absorption Studies Using a TEM-Cell Exposure System

Hill, D.A.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.1982.1131333

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The methods used will only be briefly reviewed here since they have been described in detail in two previous reports [Hill, 1982b;Hill and Walsh, 19831.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original tests on the measurement system led to the conclusion that the total uncertainty in NSAR values might be as high as +35% [Hill, 1982b], but based on our own published [ibid, Table IV] absorption measurements on cylinders and the measurements of two other groups [Allen et al, 1975;Marshall et al, 19811 on salinefilled prolate spheroids in TEM cells it now appears that the total uncertainty due to systematic errors is no more than k25 % . Since a small interaction between the body and the residual resonances could still be present, at 40.68 MHz, the total dosimetric uncertainty for that one frequency is estimated to be about +40%.…”

Section: Dosimetric Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These rates have so far only been determined by theoretical calculations (reviewed by Durney [ 19801) or by measurements on saline-filled or tissue-equivalent models (reviewed by Gandhi [ 19801). Except for our own first brief communication [Hill, 1982b], direct measurements of human whole-body RF absorption rates have never been reported for any frequency in the range covered by current standards. (For example, ANSI standard C95.1-1982 includes frequencies from 300 kHz to 100 GHz.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of frequency and grounding on whole‐body absorption of humans in E‐polarized radiofrequency fields

Hill¹

1984

Bioelectromagnetics

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The radiofrequency absorption rates of five male human volunteers have been measured from 3 to 41 MHz. The subjects were exposed at about 10 microW /cm2 inside a very large transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell and never absorbed more than 1 W. Both the EKH and EHK orientations were employed under both free-space and grounded conditions. Absorption rates for the EKH orientation exceed those of the EHK orientation by 40% in free space, but only by 6% when grounded. The absorption rates for the grounded men vary with frequency, f, as f1.9 from 3 to 25 MHz and then level off at peak. The free-space absorption rates vary as f1.7 from 3 to 18 MHz and as f2.9 from 18 to 41 MHz. The average measured absorption rates at 10 MHz exceed the average of the standard model calculations by a factor of three (for free space) or four (grounded). The average man, when exposed grounded in an EKH orientation to the maximum permitted exposure levels under ANSI standard C95 .1-1982, will absorb 0.58 +/- 0.14 W/kg over most of the 3 to 41-MHz frequency range. This slightly exceeds the whole-body maximum of 0.40 W/kg underlying the standard.

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“…The methods used will only be briefly reviewed here since they have been described in detail in two previous reports [Hill, 1982b;Hill and Walsh, 19831.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dosimetric Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of frequency and grounding on whole‐body absorption of humans in E‐polarized radiofrequency fields

Hill¹

1984

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…The Eaton probe is connected to a digital oscilloscope by an ordinary coaxial cable, which might affect the results. By plotting I/E as a function of the reciprocal separation distance (cm À1 ), an extrapolation to free space conditions is achieved by using the intercept, e.g., when d À1 0 (d I) [Hill, 1982]. Linear regression analysis has been used to estimate the extrapolation line.…”

Section: Effect Of Shoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced current measurements in whole body exposure condition to radio frequency electric fields

Wilén

Mild

Paulsson³

et al. 2001

Bioelectromagnetics

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The current induced in a human exposed to radio frequency electric fields has been studied by the use of a stripline, in which whole body exposure to vertical electric fields (3-27 MHz) can be produced. We have examined two different techniques to measure the induced current; parallel plate meters and current probes. When the subject has good connection to the ground, the choice of measurement technique is not crucial, since there are only minor differences in readings between the instruments. But when the subject is wearing shoes and/or standing on a wooden plate, the difference between the instruments increases considerably. The difference can mainly be explained by the capacitive coupling between the parallel plate meters and the ground; therefore, the current probes are preferred when the subject does not have perfect contact with the ground. Since the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines demand measurements of induced current in humans exposed to radio frequency fields in the range of 10-110 MHz, the importance of finding an appropriate measurement procedure becomes apparent.

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“…TEM cell applications include the emissions and susceptibility testing of electronic equipment for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) purposes [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], the calibration of antennas and probes [9,10], as well as the study of biological effects of radiofrequency (rf) radiation [11][12][13]. The basic TEM cell design, as shown in figure 1, consists of a section of rectangular coaxial transmission line (RCTL) coupled via tapered sections to ordinary 50 Q coaxial cable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small aperture analysis of the dual TEM cell and an investigation of test object scattering in a single TEM cell

Wilson¹,

Märk²

1984

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Human Whole-Body Radiofrequency Absorption Studies Using a TEM-Cell Exposure System

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of frequency and grounding on whole‐body absorption of humans in E‐polarized radiofrequency fields

The effect of frequency and grounding on whole‐body absorption of humans in E‐polarized radiofrequency fields

Induced current measurements in whole body exposure condition to radio frequency electric fields

Small aperture analysis of the dual TEM cell and an investigation of test object scattering in a single TEM cell

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