Humanization of wildlife gut microbiota in urban environments

Dillard, Brian A.; Chung, Albert K.; Gunderson, Alex R.; Campbell‐Staton, Shane C.; Moeller, Andrew H.

doi:10.1101/2022.01.05.475040

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The transmitted microbes found in the above were all within the range of these 118 intersecting genera, and they had variable effects on the physiological and biochemical activities of the body. Previous studies have also indicated that transmission of the gut microbiota can occur between humans and mammalian when they come into close contact, such as predator-prey interactions (22). In short, we speculated that camel milk can act as a vehicle to deliver natural microflora to colonize and function in the gut of the recipient.…”

Section: Staphylococcusmentioning

confidence: 86%

Camel milk affects serum metabolites by modulating the intestinal microflora

Yue,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Gut microbes play a vital role in human health and are influenced by numerous factors including diet, genetics, and environment. (Fermented) Camel milk, which is abundant in nutrients and lacks allergenic proteins, has been consumed for its edible and medicinal properties for centuries. Research on camel milk’s impact on gut microbiota and host metabolism is still limited. The results found that sour camel milk contained various beneficial bacteria such asLactobacillus helveticus, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Eubacterium coprostanoligenesgroup, Lachnospiraceae, which could be transported to the recipient’s intestines by diet. This study specified that the transportation of microbiome happened both intra- and inter-species and played a principal role in the formation of progeny gut microflora. An investigation on type 2 diabetic rats revealed that the composition of gut microflora and serum metabolites of those fed with high-dose camel whey was closer to that of the normal.Eubacterium limnetica, which can reduce the risk of diseases by producing MtcB protein, was found in the gut microflora of the ones taking camel milk. These results evidenced the high potential of camel milk as a functional food.

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Section: Staphylococcusmentioning

confidence: 86%

Camel milk affects serum metabolites by modulating the intestinal microflora

Yue,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Anthropogenic disturbances are known to heavily impact wildlife populations in a plethora of forms, including changes in host microbiomes (Zhu et al., 2021). Disruptions in the gut microbiome composition have been demonstrated, including the domestication and “humanization” of the wildlife gut microbiome (Dillard et al., 2022; Prabhu et al., 2020), and the shift in the microbiota community composition due to an increase in disease‐associated taxa and a decrease of beneficial bacteria (Wasimuddin et al., 2022). On top of that, population bottlenecks lead to the loss of genetic variation, increased inbreeding and therefore, resulting in a less diverse microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the gut microbiome and the influence of host genetics on a critically endangered primate, the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

Guimaraes Sales,

da Cruz Kaizer,

Browett

et al. 2024

Environmental DNA

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The Northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) is one of the world's most critically endangered primates, with only ~1000 mature individuals remaining in the wild. Habitat loss and hunting have led to its sharp decline, making conservation efforts crucial. Analyses of gut microbiomes in wild populations can provide valuable information on host health and vulnerability, and ultimately, contribute to baseline knowledge toward improving conservation programs and reintroduction efforts. In this study, we analyzed the microbiome (16S rRNA metabarcoding) of fecal samples belonging to 53 uniquely genotyped individuals from three social groups from the Caparaó National Park, aiming to provide the first assessment of the microbiome diversity and composition for this species. Our results showed the muriqui gut microbiome was predominantly composed of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, with the dominant classes represented by Bacteroidia and Clostridia. High similarity in bacterial diversity and composition was found for individuals from distinct groups, suggesting a negligible geographical effect at the fine spatial scale analyzed. No significant effect of host genotype heterozygosity levels on microbiota diversity was recovered, but a significant influence of genetic distance on microbiota community structure and composition was demonstrated. Our findings stress the importance of considering associations between host genetics and the microbiome and suggest that the analyzed populations host a similar microbiome composition. This detailed microbiome assessment can aid conservation actions, including future anthropogenic impact assessments and animal reintroductions.

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“…Anthropogenic disturbances are known to heavily impact wildlife populations in a plethora of forms, including changes in host microbiomes (Zhu et al, 2021). Disruptions in the gut microbiome composition have been demonstrated, including the domestication and 'humanization' of the wildlife gut microbiome (Dillard et al, 2022;Prabhu et al, 2020), and the shift in the microbiota community composition due to an increase in disease-associated taxa and a decrease of bene cial bacteria (Wasimuddin et al, 2022). On top of that, population bottlenecks lead to the loss of genetic variation, increased inbreeding and therefore, resulting in a less diverse microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the gut microbiome and the influence of host genetics on a critically endangered primate, the Northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

Sales

Kaizer

Browett

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The Northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) is one of the world’s most critically endangered primates, currently represented by only ~ 1000 remaining mature individuals in the wild. The largest new world primate, this endemic herbivore plays an important role in seed dispersal in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. However, due to several threats such as habitat loss and hunting, the species is in sharp decline and conservation actions are paramount to safeguarding its persistence. Analyses of gut microbiomes in wild populations can contribute to assessing the health status of the host species through the identification of microbial community changes which could lead to increased host vulnerability and disease. This can ultimately contribute to baseline knowledge towards improving conservation programmes and reintroduction efforts. Results In this study, we analysed the microbiome (using 16S rRNA metabarcoding) of faecal samples belonging to 53 uniquely genotyped individuals from three social groups located in a protected area (Caparaó National Park) aiming to provide the first assessment of the microbiome diversity and composition for this species. Our results showed the muriqui gut microbiome was predominantly composed of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, with the dominant classes represented by Bacteroidia and Clostridia. High similarity in both alpha and beta diversities was found for individuals from distinct groups, suggesting a lower environmental filtering effect on microbiota composition and a negligible geographical effect at the fine spatial scale analysed. Additionally, no significant effect of heterozygosity levels on microbiota diversity was recovered, but a significant influence of genetic distance on microbiota community structure and composition was demonstrated. Conclusions Here, we showed the importance of host genetics on the microbiome and highlighted that although the analysed populations are deemed isolated due to putative environmental barriers, they host a similar microbiome composition, with faecal microbiome stability possibly associated with host genetics, and the linked shared feeding strategies. Furthermore, the detailed wild Northern muriqui microbiome assessment herein included might be used for subsequent management and conservation actions considering future anthropogenic impact assessments on the species and animal relocations and/or reintroductions.

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Humanization of wildlife gut microbiota in urban environments

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Camel milk affects serum metabolites by modulating the intestinal microflora

Camel milk affects serum metabolites by modulating the intestinal microflora

Assessing the gut microbiome and the influence of host genetics on a critically endangered primate, the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

Assessing the gut microbiome and the influence of host genetics on a critically endangered primate, the Northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

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