“…We conceptualize shame to be a sociopsychological interaction between cultural expectations and the painful emotional experience that occurs when individuals perceive they are failing to meet such expectations (Brown, 2006; Gilbert, 2003; Huff et al, 2016, 2018; Huff, Okai, et al, 2019; H. B. Lewis, 1971; M. Lewis, 1995; Scheff, 2003; Tangney & Dearing, 2002). The professional domains of engineering education and practice provide multiple standards or expectations that define the competencies associated with being an engineer (e.g., ABET, 2019; National Academy of Engineering, 2004).…”