Humans Infected with Relapsing Fever Spirochete<i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>, Russia

Platonov, Alexander E.; Karan, Ludmila S.; Kolyasnikova, Nadezhda M.; Makhneva, N A; Топоркова, М. Г.; Maleev, V V; Fish, Durland; Krause, Peter J.

doi:10.3201/eid1710.101474

Cited by 396 publications

(443 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…This view had to be modified because several species of the genus Borrelia that cluster phylogenetically with RF spirochaetes were revealed to be transmitted by hard ticks. Importantly, Borrelia miyamotoi [8] which has been shown to cause an RF-like illness [9], referred to as hard tick relapsing-fever (HTRF [10]), is transmitted by hard ticks of the genus Ixodes. B. miyamotoi occurs sympatrically with LB group spirochaetes and, indeed, the four primary Ixodes spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

There is inadequate evidence to support the division of the genus Borrelia

Margos¹,

Marosevic

Cutler

et al. 2017

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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There are surely scientific, genetic or ecological arguments which show that differences exist between the relapsing fever (RF) spirochaetes and the Lyme borreliosis (LB) group of spirochaetes, both of which belong to the genus Borrelia. In a recent publication, Adeolu and Gupta [1] proposed dividing the genus Borrelia into two genera on the basis of genetic differences revealed by comparative genomics. The new genus name for the LB group of spirochaetes, Borreliella, has subsequently been entered in the GenBank database for some species of the group and in a validation list (List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published) [2]. However, rapidly expanding scientific knowledge and considerable conflicting evidence combined with the adverse consequences of splitting the genus Borrelia make such a drastic step somewhat premature. In our opinion, the basis of this division rests on preliminary evidence and should be rescinded for the following reasons:(1) The proposed split of the genus rests on differences in conserved signature indels (CSI) and conserved signature proteins (CSP) between LB and RF spirochaetes. A major omission in the study published by Adeolu and Gupta [1] is the exclusion of a Borrelia clade containing RF-like species that utilize hard ticks as vectors and reptiles as reservoir hosts [3,4].To identify proteins that are uniquely present in various groups of Borrelia, BLAST searches [5] were performed by Adeolu and Gupta [1] using each protein in the genomes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) B31 T and Borrelia recurrentis A1 as queries. Out of 1041 and 1390 protein coding genes (i.e. the number of proteins reported in GenBank accession numbers NC_011244 and NC_001318) present in B. recurrentis A1 and B. burgdorferi s.s. B31 T , respectively, 15 CSI (seven for LB, eight for RF) and 25 CSP (21 for LB, four for RF) were found to be unique for the respective groups. However, two of the four CSPs that are apparently unique for the RF group species are not found in all members of this group and therefore do not represent true signature proteins. Hence, just two CSPs and eight CSIs are unique to the RF group.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

There is inadequate evidence to support the division of the genus Borrelia

Margos¹,

Marosevic

Cutler

et al. 2017

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…Originally detected in Asia, it was subsequently detected in North America and Europe. 23,45,46 Recent work has also implicated it as a potential cause of meningoencephalitis. 47,48 The prevalence of Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Survey of Zoonotic Agents in Rodents and Other Small Mammals in Croatia

Tadin¹,

Tokarz²,

Markotić³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Croatia is a focus for many rodent-borne zoonosis. Here, we report a survey of 242 rodents and small mammals, including 43 Myodes glareolus, 131 Apodemus flavicollis, 53 Apodemus agrarius, three Apodemus sylvaticus, six Sorex araneus, four Microtus arvalis, one Microtus agrestis, and one Muscardinus avellanarius, collected at eight sites in Croatia over an 8-year period. Multiplex MassTag polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Bartonella, Babesia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Francisella tularensis, and Coxiella burnetii. Individual PCR assays were used for detection of Leptospira, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, orthopoxviruses, flaviviruses, hantaviruses, and Toxoplasma gondii. Of the rodents, 52 (21.5%) were infected with Leptospira, 9 (3.7%) with Borrelia miyamotoi, 5 (2%) with Borrelia afzelii, 29 (12.0%) with Bartonella, 8 (3.3%) with Babesia microti, 2 (0.8%) with Ehrlichia, 4 (1.7%) with Anaplasma, 2 (0.8%) with F. tularensis, 43 (17.8%) with hantaviruses, and 1 (0.4%) with an orthopoxvirus. Other agents were not detected. Multiple infections were found in 32 rodents (13.2%): dual infections in 26 rodents (10.7%), triple infections in four rodents (2.9%), and quadruple infections in two rodents (0.8%). Our findings indicate that rodents in Croatia harbor a wide range of bacteria and viruses that are pathogenic to humans.

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“…Although the pathogenicity of B. miyamotoi to humans has long been in question, recent evidence from Russia suggests that it is a human pathogen (Platonov et al 2011). In Japan, B. miyamotoi is carried by the vector tick Ixodes persulcatus, as it is in other parts of Asia (Fukunaga et al 1995, Fomenko 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borrelia miyamotoiInfections among Wild Rodents Show Age and Month Independence and Correlation withIxodes persulcatusLarval Attachment in Hokkaido, Japan

Taylor

Takano

Konnai

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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To clarify how Borrelia miyamotoi is maintained in the environment in Hokkaido, we examined Ixodes persulcatus for its prevalence among wild rodents and its tick vector by detecting a portion of the borrelial flaB gene in rodent urinary bladder and blood samples, and from whole ticks. We compared B. miyamotoi infection rates to Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, which are human Lyme disease pathogens also carried by wild rodents, and which are transmitted by the same vector tick. Whereas B. garinii and B. afzelii showed age dependence of infection rates among wild rodents (18.4% and 9.9% among adults and 6.0% and 3.4% among sub-adults, respectively) when looking at urinary bladder samples, B. miyamotoi infection rates were not age dependent for either blood (4.2% among adults, and 7.9% among sub-adults) or urinary bladder samples (1.0% among adults, and 1.7% among sub-adults). Moreover, while B. garinii and B. afzelii infection rates showed increases across months ( June, July [p < 0.05] and August [p < 0.01] had higher rates than in May for adult rodents with B. garinii, and July and August had higher rates than in May [p < 0.01] for adult rodents with B. afzelii), B. miyamotoi infection rates did not show significant month dependence. These differences in month and age dependence led us to suspect that B. miyamotoi may not develop persistent infections in wild rodents, as B. garinii and B. afzelii are thought to. Furthermore, we examined the extent of rodent exposure to I. persulcatus nymphs and larvae throughout most of the tick's active season (May through September), and determined that B. miyamotoi infection rates in sub-adult rodents were correlated with larval burden ( p < 0.01), suggesting that larvae may be very important in transmission of B. miyamotoi to wild rodents.

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Humans Infected with Relapsing Fever SpirocheteBorrelia miyamotoi, Russia

Abstract: Disease may occur throughout the world because of the widespread prevalence of this pathogen in ixodid ticks.

Cited by 396 publications

References 22 publications

There is inadequate evidence to support the division of the genus Borrelia

There is inadequate evidence to support the division of the genus Borrelia

Molecular Survey of Zoonotic Agents in Rodents and Other Small Mammals in Croatia

Borrelia miyamotoiInfections among Wild Rodents Show Age and Month Independence and Correlation withIxodes persulcatusLarval Attachment in Hokkaido, Japan

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