Humic-like crop stimulatory activities of coffee waste induced by incorporation of phytotoxic phenols in melanoidins during coffee roasting: Linking the Maillard reaction to humification

Three-Dimensional Biomass Composites Using the Maillard Reaction Products of Molasses as a Binder

“…To ascertain detailed mechanisms of the heat-based hardening phenomenon in our study, we employed gallic acid as a model compound because it was hypothesized that sugars and amino acids are likely to be cross-coupled with phenolic moieties of lignin. In fact, this kind of reaction mechanism is well-characterized and acceptable during coffee bean roasting . The molasses-gallic acid heat product that was free of gallic acid with repeated ethanol washing showed a slightly different solid color compared to the one with molasses alone (Figure A).…”

“…In fact, this kind of reaction mechanism is well-characterized and acceptable during coffee bean roasting. 19 The molasses-gallic acid heat product that was free of gallic acid with repeated ethanol washing showed a slightly different solid color compared to the one with molasses alone (Figure 7A). Although the heat process induced an increase in overall UV and visible light absorbance as indicative of the Maillard reaction, detailed absorbance patterns were a little changed depending on the use of gallic acid, meaning that chromophores are changed with gallic acid (Figure S3).…”

“…This would efficiently accelerate a hardening process, given the formation of the Maillard-related macromolecules wherein phenolic moieties on lignin of the biomass powders could be cross-linked together. 19 Several analyses including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Brunauer−Emmett− Teller (BET) surface area, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), heteronuclear single quantum coherence-nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC-NMR), mechanical strength test, and biodegradation rate were also tried to figure out the detailed hardening mechanisms. We also assessed practical functions (e.g., antibacterial and virus particle-adsorbing properties) of the molasses-based biocomposites that can be reproduced from lignocellulosic structures.…”

Exolaccase Propels Humification to Decontaminate Bisphenol A and Create Humic-like Biostimulants

“…Cha et al also indicated that exolaccase-induced copolymerization of lignin-derived small phenols formed colorful macromolecular products that were effective in promoting seed germination and plant growth . Even so, an important issue of E-PH is how to recognize various monomer composition-dependent copolymerization modes. , Thus, it is very necessary to investigate the optimal concentration ratio of BPA and HP monomers and clarify the percentage of BPA-HP heterocoupling precipitates in E-PH, which would be more beneficial to eliminate BPA contamination, create humic-like biostimulants, and rationalize plant-stimulatory effects. E-PH could not only eliminate the phytotoxicity of BPA-HP monomer mixtures but also generated the biological H-LBs (Figure and Figure ).…”

Effects of Fe3+ on Hydrothermal Humification of Agricultural Biomass

“…Fe catalysis may interfere with the condensation process of small molecule fragments of polysaccharides and lignin, resulting in lower aromaticity and less signal for high m/z. [40] The pH value of the iron-catalyzed hydrothermal humification reaction was 5.02 at 24 h, and the acidic environment would promote the hydrolysis of artificial humic acid macromolecules. In addition, Van Krevelen diagrams were created to analyze the composition of the A-HA molecule based on its H/C and O/C ratios.…”