Humin based resin for wood modification and property improvement

Sangregorio, Anna; Muralidhara, Anitha; Guigo, Nathanaël; Thygesen, Lisbeth Garbrecht; Marlair, Guy; Angelici, Carlo; Jong, Ed de; Sbirrazzuoli, Nicolas

doi:10.1039/c9gc03620b

Cited by 65 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Humins’ solution in water can be employed, for instance, to create upon thermal treatment a polyfuranic network within wood cells. This so-called ‘humination of wood’ is following the same approach as in furfurylation of wood with aqueous furfuryl alcohol (FA) solutions [ 27 ]. Pure humins foams have been prepared by applying heat under very acid conditions [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

et al. 2020

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Ambient temperature self-blowing tannin–furanic foams have been prepared by substituting a great part—even a majority—of furfuryl alcohol with humins, a polyfuranic material derived from the acid treatment at high temperature of fructose. Closed-cell foams were prepared at room temperature and curing, while interconnected-cell foams were prepared at 80 °C and curing, this being due to the more vigorous evaporation of the solvent. These foams appear to present similar characteristics as other tannin–furanic foams based only on furfuryl alcohol. A series of tannin–humins–furfuryl alcohol oligomer structures have been defined indicating that all three reagents co-react. Humins appeared to react well with condensed tannins, even higher molecular weight humins species, and even at ambient temperature, but they react slower than furfuryl alcohol. This is due to their high average molecular weight and high viscosity, causing their reaction with other species to be diffusion controlled. Thus, small increases in solvent led to foams with less cracks and open structures. It showed that furfuryl alcohol appears to also have a role as a humins solvent, and not just as a co-reagent and self-polymerization heat generator for foam expansion and hardening. Stress-strain for the different foams showed a higher compressive strength for both the foam with the lowest and the highest proportion of humins, thus in the dominant proportions of either furfuryl alcohol or the humins. Thus, due to their slower reactivity as their proportion increases to a certain critical level, more of them do proportionally participate within the expansion/curing time of the foam to the reaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

et al. 2020

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“…It has been demonstrated that humins can be applied in a wide range of applications [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. Lately, we demonstrated the potential of humins as thermosetting to produce all green composites [22] and for wood modification [23]. To further exploit the use of humins as thermosetting resin, the study of the curing kinetics plays a crucial role in developing and optimizing the industrial manufacturing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and Chemorheological Analysis of Cross-Linking Reactions in Humins

et al. 2019

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Humins is a biomass-derived material, co-product of the acid-catalyzed conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to platform chemicals. This work presents a thorough study concerning the crosslinking kinetics of humins by chemorheological analysis and model-free kinetics under isothermal and non-isothermal curing. Humins can auto-crosslink under the effect of temperature, and the reaction can be fastener when adding an acidic initiator. Thus, the effect of P-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (pTSA) on the crosslinking kinetics was also studied. The dependencies of the effective activation energy (Eα-dependencies) were determined by an advanced isoconversional method and correlated with the variation of complex viscosity during curing. It is shown that humins curing involves multi-step complex reactions and that the use of an acidic initiator allows faster crosslinking at lower temperatures, involving lower Eα. The shift from chemical to diffusion control was also estimated.

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“…Recently, furanic humins derived from the acid treatment of pure fructose have been the focus of attention for the preparation of various foams and resins [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. This interest was prompted by a Netherlands company having developed a novel process of industrialization to render commercially available this type of interesting material [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Furanic Humins-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Thermoset Wood Adhesives

et al. 2021

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Predominantly non-furanic commercial humins were used to prepare humin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins for wood panel adhesives. Pure humin-based NIPU resins and tannin–humin NIPU resins were prepared, the latter to upgrade the humins’ performance. Species in the raw humins and species formed in the NIPU resins were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI ToF) spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Humins, fulvic acid and derivatives, humic acid and its fragments, some lignans present and furanic oligomers present formed NIPU linkages. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) showed that as with other biomaterials-based NIPU resins, all these resins also showed two temperature peaks of curing, the first around 130 °C and the second around 220 °C. A decrease in the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) between the two indicated that the first curing period corresponded to linear growth of the oligomers forming a physical entanglement network. This then disentangled, and the second corresponded to the formation of a chemical cross-linked network. This second peak was more evident for the tannin–humin NIPU resins. All the laboratory particleboard made and tested either bonded with pure humins or with tannin–humin NIPU adhesives satisfied well the internal bond strength requirements of the relevant standard for interior grade panels. The tannin–humin adhesives performed clearly better than the pure humins one.

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Humin based resin for wood modification and property improvement

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

Kinetics and Chemorheological Analysis of Cross-Linking Reactions in Humins

Non-Furanic Humins-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Thermoset Wood Adhesives

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