Hummingbird-Leaves-Reared Black Soldier Fly Prepupae: Assessment of Nutritional and Heavy Metal Compositions

Abstract

Black soldier fly (BSF) larva is an attractive animal feed replacer due to its noticeable nutritional content. However, the conventional rearing method often resulted in BSF with undesirably high heavy metal residues that are harmful to animals. In this work, putrefied Sesbania grandiflora (S. Grandiflora) leaves were employed as feed to rear BSF larvae. The resultant BSF prepupae were found to contain 43.5% protein and 16.7% fat, reflecting a comparable protein content and a 2-fold reduction in crude fat than those reared using conventional kitchen waste. Moreover, high quantities of arginine (25.4 g/kg dry matter basis (DM)), carnitine (32.9 g/kg DM), and short-chain fatty acids, including lauric (40.00%), palmitic (19.20%), and oleic (12.10%) acids, have also been noticed in the BSF prepupae. Furthermore, the BSF larvae have been recorded with 0.185 mg/kg chromium, 0.380 mg/kg selenium, and mercury below the detection limit, which is far lower than those reared using conventional kitchen and agricultural wastes (≈1.7 mg/kg chromium, 1.2 mg/kg selenium, and 0.2 mg/kg mercury). Overall, the study shows that the nutritional quality of BSF prepupae is extensively improved when using S. Grandiflora as their feed. The resultant BSF prepupae may serve as an alternative feed for animal rearing.

A systematic meta‐analysis based review on black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as a novel protein source for salmonids

“… Sources for proximate and mineral compositions: BSF larvae, 13,57–65 BSF prepupae 61,65–69 and BSF pupae 60,65 . Sources for amino acid compositions: BSF larvae, 11–13,28,49,54,57,64,65,70–80 BSF pre‐pupae 37,65,66,69,80–82 and BSF pupae 65 .…”

“…Sources for amino acid compositions: BSF larvae, 11–13,28,49,54,57,64,65,70–80 BSF pre‐pupae 37,65,66,69,80–82 and BSF pupae 65 . Sources for fatty acid compositions: BSF larvae, 11,13,54,57,58,62,65,83–89 BSF pre‐pupae 65,67–69,90–93 and BSF pupae 65 …”

“…Sources for proximate and mineral compositions: BSF larvae, 13,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] BSF prepupae 61,[65][66][67][68][69] and BSF pupae. 60,65 Sources for amino acid compositions: BSF larvae, [11][12][13]28,49,54,57,64,65,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] BSF pre-pupae 37,65,66,69,[80][81][82] and BSF pupae.…”

“…60,65 Sources for amino acid compositions: BSF larvae, [11][12][13]28,49,54,57,64,65,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] BSF pre-pupae 37,65,66,69,[80][81][82] and BSF pupae. 65 Sources for fatty acid compositions: BSF larvae, 11,13,54,57,58,62,65,[83][84][85][86][87][88][89] BSF pre-pupae 65,[67][68][69][90][91][92][93] and BSF pupae.…”

Sustainability Analysis of Fish Feed Derived from Aquatic Plant and Insect

“…The larvae have an insatiable hunger and can be utilized for composting food waste and agricultural waste products. Moreover, BSFL is an alternative source of protein for aquaculture, animal feed, pet food, and human nutrition [18,19]. BSFL is utilized to compost waste or convert the waste into animal feed.…”