2016
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0110
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Hummingbirds control turning velocity using body orientation and turning radius using asymmetrical wingbeat kinematics

Abstract: Turning in flight requires reorientation of force, which birds, bats and insects accomplish either by shifting body position and total force in concert or by using left-right asymmetries in wingbeat kinematics. Although both mechanisms have been observed in multiple species, it is currently unknown how each is used to control changes in trajectory. We addressed this problem by measuring body and wingbeat kinematics as hummingbirds tracked a revolving feeder, and estimating aerodynamic forces using a quasi-stea… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…2B). Similar bilateral-asymmetric changes in the wing deviation and stroke plane angle have been observed in significantly slower yaw turns in Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna) as they fed continuously from a revolving artificial feeder (Altshuler et al, 2012;Read et al, 2016). Bilateral differences of wing spanwise rotation corresponded to reduced pronation and enhanced supination for the inner wing so that its stroke-averaged lift was reoriented backwards and was more perpendicular to the body longitudinal axis.…”
Section: Wing Kinematics For Roll Rotationmentioning
confidence: 57%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…2B). Similar bilateral-asymmetric changes in the wing deviation and stroke plane angle have been observed in significantly slower yaw turns in Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna) as they fed continuously from a revolving artificial feeder (Altshuler et al, 2012;Read et al, 2016). Bilateral differences of wing spanwise rotation corresponded to reduced pronation and enhanced supination for the inner wing so that its stroke-averaged lift was reoriented backwards and was more perpendicular to the body longitudinal axis.…”
Section: Wing Kinematics For Roll Rotationmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…The flapping motions used by hummingbirds and insects, with aerodynamic force production during most of wingbeat cycle (Warrick et al, 2009), should facilitate authority of flight control because it allows for rapid and drastic alterations to the magnitude and direction of flight forces to the extent that the animal can alter its wing kinematics (Read et al, 2016). However, closed-loop control of flapping flight during maximal manoeuvres may impose stringent demands on neural-sensing and motor-control systems.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Two types of more complex maneuvers were also identified: pitch-roll turns [6,17] and arcing turns [18,19]. A pitch-roll turn (PRT) is when a bird ''turns on a dime'' by pitching up to decelerate, rolling about the vertical longitudinal axis, and then accelerating again in a new direction [6,17].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similar banking strategies are executed by aircraft, which generally increase their bank angle to make faster or tighter turns. Hummingbirds also adjust their body-dependent kinematics to make faster turns, but change their body-independent kinematics, such as wingbeat asymmetries, more significantly in response to different turning radii [151]. Force vectoring may also be used by birds to accelerate and brake, based on pitching movements that pigeons exhibit after takeoff and before landing [152].…”
Section: Performance Manoeuvring and Stabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To initiate these body reorientations, birds generate a rolling torque by producing bilateral asymmetries in their wing velocities [148], wing trajectories [149], wingbeat amplitudes or feathering angles [150]. Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) [150] and hummingbirds (Calypte anna) [151] also reorient their bodies and stroke planes to carry out turns. Similar banking strategies are executed by aircraft, which generally increase their bank angle to make faster or tighter turns.…”
Section: Performance Manoeuvring and Stabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%