Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses 
of d/d histocompatible pigs against
classical swine 
 fever (CSF) virus

Piriou, Laurence; Chevallier, Sylvie; Hutet, Evelyne; Charley, Bernard; Potier, Marie‐Frédérique Le; Albina, Emmanuel

doi:10.1051/vetres:2003013

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Subsequently, mature and activated DC subsets would then be involved in induction of adaptive immune responses, illustrated by punctual IFN-γ and IL-18 secretions in serum. This was in agreement with CTL stimulation by CSFV-infected mature mo-DC [14] and with the initiation of cellular immune responses described in pigs surviving infection [35]. Additionally, the fact that high proportions of both DC subsets expressed IL-10 in the spleen could reflect the starting of humoral immune response, in accordance with the detection of secreting IgM E2 + B cells the first days post-infection [39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

et al. 2007

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-Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) compromises the host immune system, causing indirect leucopoenia and disruption of in vitro T cell stimulation capacity. In order to explore the potential role of dendritic cells (DC) in such phenomena, the activation of conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in blood and secondary lymphoid organs of infected pigs was investigated in the early time course post-inoculation (pi), together with viral components dissemination and cytokine production in serum. Whereas CD11R1 + CD172a + cDC frequencies were markedly reduced in blood and spleen, analysis of CD4 + CD172a + pDC numbers revealed a rapid turn-over of this DC subset in tissues pi. Both subsets matured and were activated after infection, as demonstrated by down-regulation of CD1a, up-regulation of the co-stimulation molecule CD80/86 and expression of cytokines. cDC essentially expressed tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-10, whereas pDC produced alpha interferon (IFN-α) and IL-12. IFN-α and TNF-α productions revealed an enhancement of innate anti-viral immune responses. Detection of antigen activated B lymphocytes in tonsil T-cell areas at 72 h pi, subsequently to the transient translocation of the viral E2 protein within germinal centres at 48 h pi, indicates the initiation of humoral response. This response was also evidenced by an important IL-10 production in serum one week pi. IL-12 expression in organs, as well as transient detection of IL-18 and IFN-γ in serum, reflected the initiation of cellular immune responses. However, the uncommonly high levels of TNF-α and IFN-α produced by DC and measured in serum early post-infection, together with IL-10 expression in spleen, could play a role in the disruption of immune system cells, either inducing apoptosis or impairing DC functionalities themselves.antigen presenting cells / secondary lymphoid organs / interferon / E2 antigen / pestivirus

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

et al. 2007

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“…Thus, we may only speculate at this time that the variable level of CD27 expression on CSFV-specific CD8 T cells reflects a mixture of effector and memory phenotypes. Variable expression of CD25, the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor that is expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes (11,41,42), was also seen. Heterogeneity in expression of CD25 on CD8 T cells has been described in an acute murine virus infection model, with low CD25 expression associated with generation of long-lived memory and high expression associated with terminal effector differentiation (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Assessment of the Phenotype and Functionality of Porcine CD8 T Cell Responses following Vaccination with Live Attenuated Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) and Virulent CSFV Challenge

Franzoni

Kurkure

Edgar

et al. 2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Vaccination with live attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) induces solid protection after only 5 days, which has been associated with virus-specific T cell gamma interferon (IFN-␥) responses. In this study, we employed flow cytometry to characterize T cell responses following vaccination and subsequent challenge infections with virulent CSFV. The CD3 ؉ CD4 ؊ CD8 hi T cell population was the first and major source of CSFV-specific IFN-␥. A proportion of these cells showed evidence for cytotoxicity, as evidenced by CD107a mobilization, and coexpressed tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣). To assess the durability and recall of these responses, a second experiment was conducted where vaccinated animals were challenged with virulent CSFV after 5 days and again after a further 28 days. While virus-specific CD4 T cell (CD3 ؉ CD4 ؉ CD8␣ ؉ ) responses were detected, the dominant response was again from the CD8 T cell population, with the highest numbers of these cells being detected 14 and 7 days after the primary and secondary challenges, respectively. These CD8 T cells were further characterized as CD44 hi CD62L؊ and expressed variable levels of CD25 and CD27, indicative of a mixed effector and effector memory phenotype. The majority of virus-specific IFN-␥ ؉ CD8 T cells isolated at the peaks of the response after each challenge displayed CD107a on their surface, and subpopulations that coexpressed TNF-␣ and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were identified. While it is hoped that these data will aid the rational design and/or evaluation of next-generation marker CSFV vaccines, the novel flow cytometric panels developed should also be of value in the study of porcine T cell responses to other pathogens/vaccines.

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“…In contrast, detection of NS3-antibodies as well as one of the E RNS -ELISAs is panpesti-virus specific. (Beaudeau et al, 2001, Mars andVan Maanen, 2005) Concerning cellular immune responses versus CSFV, cytotoxic killer cells were described , Piriou et al, 2003 and epitopes for CD4-specific as well CD8-specifc stimulation were defined (Armengol et al, 2002). In contrast, the role of both natural killer cells and innate immunity in CSFV infection remains unclear (Suradhat et al, 2005).…”

Section: Immunology and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and eradication of Classic Swine Fever in wild boar

2009

EFSA Journal

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SummaryClassical swine fever (CSF) is a disease that has been causing major socio-economic damages in the EU during the last decades. Although considerable progress has been made in the eradication and prevention of the disease, the threat for an epidemic still exists.The virus is endemic in the wild boar population of several member states (MS). Wild boar cannot be managed as domestic pigs. Hunting and vaccination have been tentatively used in order to stop transmission by reducing the number of susceptibles. Oral vaccination of wild boar with modified live vaccine based on the C-strain (the only suitable) is used; this vaccine does not allow serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals.The aim of the control measures for CSF in wild boar is to reduce the risk of transmission to domestic pigs, to prevent an "endemic phase evolution" or to reduce the endemic phase duration.In order to support and to improve the control and eradication measures as regards CSF in wild boar, EFSA was requested by the Commission to provide scientific advice on the efficacy of the available surveillance, hunting and vaccination measures to control and eradicate CSF in feral pig populations (wild boar), considering the possible use of new diagnostic tests and vaccines.In order to reply to the mandate data were collected from MS through two questionnaires (CSF vaccines, hunting practices and CSF vaccination in wild boar). Data were also extracted from the EU CSF wild boar data base, after requesting permission from the participating MS.Considering that the data received were rather limited and not comparable, the WG decided to use a model in order to fill the gaps in the available knowledge. For the evaluation of the efficacy of CSF control in wild boar a continuous metapopulation compartmental model developed in an EU research project (FP6-5015599-CSFVACCINE&WILDBOAR) was applied.Although the disease manifests in the same manner in both domestic pig and wild boar it is more difficult to identify in wild boar because clinical monitoring of these is hardly possible. Wild boar found dead constitutes the main alert sign of CSF. Hunters and gamekeepers should be instructed to report the finding of each dead wild boar to the competent authority at all times. In case of high-risk situations, a passive surveillance should be complemented by an active serological surveillance. The active sampling of wild boar is not as efficient as in domestic pigs considering that hunting is the sole practical system to obtain samples and that the aim of hunting is quite different.Consequently, the sample size is not controlled by authorities and fits rarely the aim of the survey in terms of detecting the presence of disease at a certain level. In addition, the interpretation of serological results is confounded by maternal derived antibodies (until the 6th month of age), vaccination and the sampling quality.There is no definition at EU level of spatial and temporal units for surveillance, neither for criteria defining a disease free wi...

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Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of d/d histocompatible pigs against classical swine fever (CSF) virus

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

Classical swine fever virus induces activation of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in tonsil, blood, and spleen of infected pigs

Assessment of the Phenotype and Functionality of Porcine CD8 T Cell Responses following Vaccination with Live Attenuated Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) and Virulent CSFV Challenge

Control and eradication of Classic Swine Fever in wild boar

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