Humoral and cellular immune response over 9 months of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccination in a University Hospital in Spain

Fernández-Ciriza, Leire; González, Álvaro; Pozo, J.L. del; Fernandez‐Montero, Alejandro; Carmona-Torre, Francisco; Carlos, Silvia; Sarasa, María del Mar; Reina, Gabriel

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19537-2

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The titer of anti-S and anti-N antibodies at 10 and 20 weeks after treatment was not different between the control and the intervention group. In both groups the amount of anti-S and anti-N antibody decreased at 20 weeks, revealing the decline of humoral response already described in other studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection ( Fernandez-Ciriza et al., 2022 ). However, at week 20, the decrease in anti-S antibody was significant only in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Photodynamic nasal SARS-CoV-2 decolonization shortens infectivity and influences specific T-Cell responses

Fernández-Montero

Zuaznabar

Pina-Sanchez

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundThe main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of intranasal photodynamic therapy (PDT) in SARS-CoV-2 mildly symptomatic carriers on decreasing the infectivity period. SARS-CoV-2-specific immune-stimulating effects and safety were also analysed.MethodsWe performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial in a tertiary hospital (NCT05184205). Patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR in the last 48 hours were recruited and aleatorily assigned to PDT or placebo. Patients with pneumonia were excluded. Participants and investigators were masked to group assignment. The primary outcome was the reduction in in vitro infectivity of nasopharyngeal samples at days 3 and 7. Additional outcomes included safety assessment and quantification of humoral and T-cell immune-responses.FindingsPatients were recruited between December 2021 and February 2022. Most were previously healthy adults vaccinated against COVID-19 and most carried Omicron variant. 38 patients were assigned to placebo and 37 to PDT. Intranasal PDT reduced infectivity at day 3 post-treatment when compared to placebo with a β-coefficient of -812.2 (CI95%= -478660 – -1.3, p<0.05) infectivity arbitrary units. The probability of becoming PCR negative (ct>34) at day 7 was higher on the PDT-group, with an OR of 0.15 (CI95%=0.04-0.58). There was a decay in anti-Spike titre and specific SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity in the placebo group 10 and 20 weeks after infection, but not in the PDT-group. No serious adverse events were reported.InterpretationIntranasal-PDT is safe in pauci-symptomatic COVID-19 patients, it reduces SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and decelerates the decline SARS-CoV-2 specific immune-responses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Photodynamic nasal SARS-CoV-2 decolonization shortens infectivity and influences specific T-Cell responses

Fernández-Montero

Zuaznabar

Pina-Sanchez

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The package insert of Anti-N antibodies recommends a positive interpretation if the results are above 1.0 COI. However, according to previously reported studies [ 21 ], we selected 0.150 COI as a cut-off to improve the marker’s sensitivity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of effective humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy subjects by cortical thickness of post-vaccination reactive lymphadenopathy

et al. 2023

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Purpose To study the association between ultrasound cortical thickness in reactive post-vaccination lymph nodes and the elicited humoral response and to evaluate the performance of cortical thickness as a predictor of vaccine effectiveness in patients with and without a previous history of COVID-19 infection. Methods A total of 156 healthy volunteers were recruited and followed prospectively after receiving two COVID-19 vaccination doses using different protocols. Within a week after receiving the second dose, an axillary ultrasound of the ipsilateral vaccinated arm was performed, and serial post-vaccination serologic tests (PVST) were collected. Maximum cortical thickness was chosen as a nodal feature to analyze association with humoral immunity. Total antibodies quantified during consecutive PVST in previously-infected patients and in coronavirus-naïve volunteers were compared (Mann–Whitney U test). The association between hyperplastic-reactive lymph nodes and effective humoral response was studied (odds ratio). The performance of cortical thickness in detecting vaccination effectiveness was evaluated (area under the ROC curve). Results Significantly higher values for total antibodies were observed in volunteers with a previous history of COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001). The odds ratio associating immunized coronavirus-naïve volunteers after 90 and 180 days of the second dose with a cortical thickness ≥ 3 mm was statistically significant (95% CI 1.52–6.97 and 95% CI 1.47–7.29, respectively). The best AUC result was obtained comparing antibody secretion of coronavirus-naïve volunteers at 180 days (0.738). Conclusions Ultrasound cortical thickness of reactive lymph nodes in coronavirus-naïve patients may reflect antibody production and a long-term effective humoral response elicited by vaccination. Clinical relevance statement In coronavirus-naïve patients, ultrasound cortical thickness of post-vaccination reactive lymphadenopathy shows a positive association with protective antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2, especially in the long term, providing new insights into previous publications. Key Points • Hyperplastic lymphadenopathy was frequently observed after COVID-19 vaccination. • Ultrasound cortical thickness of reactive post-vaccine lymph nodes may reflect a long-term effective humoral response in coronavirus-naïve patients.

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“…The induction of humoral and cellular immunity following mRNA vaccines is well evidenced, with the latter involving both CD4 + and CD8 + responses 54–57 . Moreover, SARS‐CoV‐2 variants that emerged after vaccine authorization did not significantly disrupt the reactivity of these cells, while administration of a booster dose may induce their transient enhancement while conserving the memory pool for subsequent reactivation 58–62 …”

Section: Advantages Of Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54][55][56][57] Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 variants that emerged after vaccine authorization did not significantly disrupt the reactivity of these cells, while administration of a booster dose may induce their transient enhancement while conserving the memory pool for subsequent reactivation. [58][59][60][61][62] Moreover, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have been demonstrated to elicit superior adaptive cellular responses compared to other authorized COVID-19 vaccines. Median levels of CD4 + responses following two doses of mRNA vaccine were 3-4-fold higher than in the case of two doses of adenoviral AZD1222 vaccine (Oxford/ AstraZeneca), 5-6-fold higher compared to two doses of adenoviral Sputnik V vaccine (Gamaleya Research Institute, Russia), and over 10fold higher than after administration of two doses of inactivated CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BIBP (Sinopharm) vaccines.…”

Section: Induction Of Adapted Humoral and Cellular Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, immunization through the intranasal route could potentially lead to the neutralization of the virus earlier than in the case of immunity induced by intramuscular vaccination and lead to local sterilizing immunity. 116,117 At present, intramuscular mRNA vaccination against COVID-19 is insufficiently activating mucosal immunity [60][61][62]. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that in SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals, induction of antigen-specific mucosal secretory IgA is minimal, and vaccination of those with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection is more efficient in this regard [62].…”

Section: Challenges In Switching From Intramuscular To Intranasal Adm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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mRNA vaccines: The future of prevention of viral infections?

Rzymski

Szuster‐Ciesielska

Dzieciątkowski

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 are the first authorized biological preparations developed using this platform. During the pandemic, their administration has been proven to be a life-saving intervention. Here, we review the main advantages of using mRNA vaccines, identify further technological challenges to be met during the development of the mRNA platform, and provide an update on the clinical progress on leading mRNA vaccine candidates against different viruses that include influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1, respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah virus, Zika virus, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. The prospects and challenges of manufacturing mRNA vaccines in low-income countries are also discussed. The ongoing interest and research in mRNA technology are likely to overcome some existing challenges for this technology (e.g., related to storage conditions and immunogenicity of some components of lipid nanoparticles) and enhance the portfolio of vaccines against diseases for which classical formulations are already authorized. It may also open novel pathways of protection against infections and their consequences for which no safe and efficient immunization methods are currently available.

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Humoral and cellular immune response over 9 months of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccination in a University Hospital in Spain

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Photodynamic nasal SARS-CoV-2 decolonization shortens infectivity and influences specific T-Cell responses

Photodynamic nasal SARS-CoV-2 decolonization shortens infectivity and influences specific T-Cell responses

Prediction of effective humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy subjects by cortical thickness of post-vaccination reactive lymphadenopathy

mRNA vaccines: The future of prevention of viral infections?

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