Humoral and cellular immune responses eleven months after the third dose of BNT162b2 an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV – a prospective observational cohort study

Heftdal, Line Dam; Pérez‐Alós, Laura; Hasselbalch, Rasmus Bo; Hansen, Cecilie Bo; Hamm, Sebastian Rask; Pries-Heje, Mia Marie; Fogh, Kamille; Gerstoft, Jan; Grønbæk, Kirsten; Ostrowski, Sisse Rye; Frikke‐Schmidt, Ruth; Sørensen, Erik; Hilsted, Linda; Bundgaard, Henning; Garred, Peter; Iversen, Kasper; Sabin, Caroline; Nielsen, Susanne Dam

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104661

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These functions were shown to be less affected than neutralization against VOCs in the general population, indicating the importance of Fc-effector functions in maintaining immune responses against the rising SARS-CoV-2 VOCs [ 48 ]. While we observed a lower ADCC response mediated by antibodies 4 weeks after the second dose between PLWH with a CD4 count < 250/mm 3 and PLWH with a CD4 count between 250 and 500/mm 3 , this difference disappeared after the third dose, supporting recent findings [ 22 , 49 , 50 ]. Finally, we observed no differences between the capacity of these antibodies to neutralize live SARS-CoV-2 in the different groups after the third dose of the mRNA vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Humoral Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in People Living with HIV

Marchitto,

Chatterjee,

Ding

et al. 2023

Viruses

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While mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits strong humoral responses in the general population, humoral responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain to be clarified. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study of vaccine immunogenicity elicited after two and three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in PLWH stratified by their CD4 count. We measured the capacity of the antibodies elicited by vaccination to bind the Spike glycoprotein of different variants of concern (VOCs). We also evaluated the Fc-mediated effector functions of these antibodies by measuring their ability to eliminate CEM.NKr cells stably expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spikes. Finally, we measured the relative capacity of the antibodies to neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus after the third dose of mRNA vaccine. We found that after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, PLWH with a CD4 count < 250/mm3 had lower levels of anti-RBD IgG antibodies compared to PLWH with a CD4 count > 250/mm3 (p < 0.05). A third dose increased these levels and importantly, no major differences were observed in their capacity to mediate Fc-effector functions and neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of mRNA vaccine boosting in immuno-compromised individuals presenting low levels of CD4.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Humoral Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in People Living with HIV

Marchitto,

Chatterjee,

Ding

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Improved durability after the booster dose has also been observed in previous studies, although the follow-up periods were shorter than that in the present study, mostly within 6 months [ [14] , [15] , [16] ]. A few studies have evaluated immunity beyond 6 months post-booster dose, but there are limitations such as the use of inactivated vaccines [ 17 ], lack of pre-vaccination serology information [ [18] , [19] , [20] ], and the inclusion of individuals with previous or breakthrough COVID-19 infections [ [18] , [19] , [20] ]. In one study [ 18 ], antibody responses were well-maintained up to 11 months, but the inclusion of some individuals who received a fourth dose at the last sampling point limited the interpretation of the immune durability after the third dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies have evaluated immunity beyond 6 months post-booster dose, but there are limitations such as the use of inactivated vaccines [ 17 ], lack of pre-vaccination serology information [ [18] , [19] , [20] ], and the inclusion of individuals with previous or breakthrough COVID-19 infections [ [18] , [19] , [20] ]. In one study [ 18 ], antibody responses were well-maintained up to 11 months, but the inclusion of some individuals who received a fourth dose at the last sampling point limited the interpretation of the immune durability after the third dose. In another study conducted in South Korea [ 21 ], immune responses were evaluated up to 8 months, but those were focused on the breakthrough infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal immune kinetics of COVID-19 booster versus primary series vaccination: Insight into the annual vaccination strategy

Choi,

Hyun,

Heo

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…An additional vaccine dose has been shown to substantially improve humoral responses in PLWH with hyporesponse after primary cycle [ 13 – 15 ]. However, whether HIV-related viro-immunological parameters or other factors may have an impact on immune responses to booster vaccination in PLWH is unclear [ 13 , 16 – 18 ], yet it would be of utmost importance to personalize boosting strategies in the current phase of shifting from the pandemic to the endemic stage of COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting humoral responses to primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people living with HIV: a machine learning approach

Montesi,

Augello,

Polvere

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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Background SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are highly immunogenic in people living with HIV (PLWH) on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, whether viro-immunologic parameters or other factors affect immune responses to vaccination is debated. This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based model able to predict the humoral response to mRNA vaccines in PLWH and to assess the impact of demographic and clinical variables on antibody production over time. Methods Different machine learning algorithms have been compared in the setting of a longitudinal observational study involving 497 PLWH, after primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Both Generalized Linear Models and non-linear Models (Tree Regression and Random Forest) were trained and tested. Results Non-linear algorithms showed better ability to predict vaccine-elicited humoral responses. The best-performing Random Forest model identified a few variables as more influential, within 39 clinical, demographic, and immunological factors. In particular, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, BMI, CD4 T-cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio were positively associated with the primary cycle immunogenicity, yet their predictive value diminished with the administration of booster doses. Conclusions In the present work we have built a non-linear Random Forest model capable of accurately predicting humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, and identifying relevant factors that influence the vaccine response in PLWH. In clinical contexts, the application of this model provides promising opportunities for predicting individual vaccine responses, thus facilitating the development of vaccination strategies tailored for PLWH.

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Humoral and cellular immune responses eleven months after the third dose of BNT162b2 an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV – a prospective observational cohort study

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Humoral Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in People Living with HIV

Humoral Responses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in People Living with HIV

Longitudinal immune kinetics of COVID-19 booster versus primary series vaccination: Insight into the annual vaccination strategy

Predicting humoral responses to primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people living with HIV: a machine learning approach

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