Humoral and cellular immune responses in mice after airway administration of<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>Cry1Ab and MON810<i>cry1Ab</i>-transgenic maize

Andreassen, Monica; Rocca, Elena; Bøhn, Thomas; Wikmark, Odd-Gunnar; Berg, Johnnie van der; Løvik, Martinus; Traavik, Terje; Nygaard, Unni Cecilie

doi:10.1080/09540105.2014.988128

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The observations include studies on mice [45, 46], and pigs [47, 48]. Immune system responses have also been shown for fish [49, 50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible health impacts of Bt toxins and residues from spraying with complementary herbicides in genetically engineered soybeans and risk assessment as performed by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA

Then¹,

Bauer-Panskus²

2017

Environ Sci Eur

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BackgroundMON89788 was the first genetically engineered soybean worldwide to express a Bt toxin. Under the brand name Intacta, Monsanto subsequently engineered a stacked trait soybean using MON89788 and MON87701—this stacked soybean expresses an insecticidal toxin and is, in addition, tolerant to glyphosate. After undergoing risk assessment by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the stacked event was authorised for import into the EU in June 2012, including for use in food and feed. This review discusses the health risks associated with Bt toxins present in these genetically engineered plants and the residues left from spraying with the complementary herbicide.ResultsWe have compared the opinion published by EFSA [1] with findings from other publications in the scientific literature. It is evident that there are several issues that EFSA did not consider in detail and which will need further assessment: (1) There are potential combinatorial effects between plant components and other impact factors that might enhance toxicity. (2) It is known that Bt toxins have immunogenic properties; since soybeans naturally contain many allergens, these immunogenic properties raise specific questions. (3) Fully evaluated and reliable protocols for measuring the Bt concentration in the plants are needed, in addition to a comprehensive set of data on gene expression under varying environmental conditions. (4) Specific attention should be paid to the herbicide residues and their interaction with Bt toxins.ConclusionsThe case of the Intacta soybeans highlights several regulatory problems with Bt soybean plants in the EU. Moreover, many of the issues raised also concern other genetically engineered plants that express insecticidal proteins, or are engineered to be resistant to herbicides, or have those two types of traits combined in stacked events. It remains a matter of debate whether the standards currently applied by the risk assessor, EFSA, and the risk manager, the EU Commission, meet the standards for risk analysis defined in EU regulations such as 1829/2003 and Directive 2001/18. While this publication cannot provide a final conclusion, it allows the development of some robust hypotheses that should be investigated further before such plants can be considered to be safe for health and the environment. In general, the concept of comparative risk assessment needs some major revision. Priority should be given to developing more targeted approaches. As shown in the case of Intacta, these approaches should include: (i) systematic investigation of interactions between the plant genome and environmental stressors as well as their impact on gene expression and plant composition; (ii) detailed investigations of the toxicity of Bt toxins; (iii) assessment of combinatorial effects taking into account long-term effects and the residues from spraying with complementary herbicides; (iv) investigation into the impact on the immune and hormonal systems and (v) investigation of the impact on the intestinal microbiome after consumption....

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“…The observations include studies on mice [45, 46], and pigs [47, 48]. Immune system responses have also been shown for fish [49, 50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible health impacts of Bt toxins and residues from spraying with complementary herbicides in genetically engineered soybeans and risk assessment as performed by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA

Then¹,

Bauer-Panskus²

2017

Environ Sci Eur

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“…This has been previously assessed by the GMO Panel (EFSA GMO Panel, 2012b). Specific IgE antibodies against the purified Cry1Ab protein were observed by Andreassen et al (2015). The authors provided several hypotheses that in part might explain the difference in immune responses to Cry1Ab observed in the different groups.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The GMO Panel agrees with the authors that, in order to elucidate these aspects, additional studies on the immunogenicity of Cry1Ab proteins following an airway exposure would be useful. In the context of the risk assessment of maize MON 810, the study by Andreassen et al (2015) does not put forward new elements that would invalidate the previous conclusions on maize MON 810 made by the GMO Panel. Specifically, no indications of safety concern due to the airway exposure of maize MON 810 pollen suspension and maize MON 810 leaf extract in mice were identified.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In one of the scientific publications, Andreassen et al (2015) investigated the immune responses (humoral and cellular) in mice after airway exposure to Cry1Ab (test material: maize MON 810 pollen suspension, maize MON 810 leaf extracts, purified Cry1Ab protoxin and trypsinised Cry1Ab). The authors reported no anti-Cry1Ab antibodies against the maize MON 810 materials tested.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Annual post‐market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in 2014 from Monsanto Europe S.A.

Birch¹,

Casacuberta²,

Schrijver³

et al. 2016

EFS2

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However, as the methodology for insect resistance monitoring remained unchanged compared to previous PMEM reports, the GMO Panel reiterates its previous recommendations for improvement of the insect resistance management plan. The GMO Panel considers that the farmer alert system to report complaints regarding product performance could complement the information obtained from the laboratory bioassays, but encourages the consent holder to provide more information in order to be in a position to appraise its usefulness. The data on general surveillance activities do not indicate any unanticipated adverse effects on human and animal health or the environment arising from the cultivation of maize MON 810 cultivation in 2014. The GMO Panel reiterates its previous recommendations to improve the methodology for the analysis of farmer questionnaires and conduct of the literature review in future annual PMEM reports on maize MON 810. The GMO Panel urges the consent holder to consider how to make best use of the information recorded in national registers to optimise sampling for farmer questionnaires, and requests to continue reviewing and discussing relevant scientific publications on possible adverse effects of maize MON 810 on rove beetles. Also, the GMO Panel encourages relevant parties to continue developing a methodological framework to use existing networks in the broader context of environmental monitoring. DOI: https://doi.org/10. 2903/j.efsa.2016.4446 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-134226 Veröffentlichte VersionOriginally published at: Birch, Nicholas; Casacuberta, Josep; De Schrijver, Adinda; Gathmann, Achim; Gralak, Mikolaj Antoni; Guerche, Philippe; Jones, Huw; Manachini, Barbara; Messéan, Antoine; Naegeli, Hanspeter; Ebbesen Nielsen, Elsa; Nogué, Fabien; Robaglia, Christophe; Rostoks, Nils; Sweet, Jeremy; Tebbe, Christoph; Visioli, Francesco; Wal, Jean-Michel (2016 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. The 2014 case-specific monitoring (CSM) dataset on maize MON 810 consists of a survey on compliance with non-Bacillus thuringiensis (non-Bt) refugia in Spain and Portugal, and dose-response and diagnostic dose bioassays to monitor for changes in susceptibility to Cry1Ab in target pests (European and Mediterranean corn borer) collected from Iberian populations. The 2014 PMEM report shows partial non-compliance with the implementation of non-Bt refugia in Spain as observed in previous years. Therefore, the GMO Panel recommends that the consent holder consolidates its efforts to increase the level of compliance, especially in regions of high maize MON 810 uptake, where such compliance is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of the ...

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“…It has been described that Bt toxin has immunogenic properties, whose effects have been identified in mice and pigs (Andreassen et al, 2014;Walsh et al, 2011). Pigs fed a GMO diet had a larger uterus and presented severe stomach inflammation compared with pigs fed a comparable non-GMO diet (Carman et al, 2013).…”

Section: B) Food That Contains An Ingredient or An Additive Derived Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of biotechnology in agricultural production and food supply

Cano-Estrada

Díaz

Hernández

2017

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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A. Cano, D. Díaz and C. Morgado. 2017. The role of biotechnology in agricultural production and food supply. Cien. Inv. Agr.44(1): 1-11. Over the past several decades, technological developments and modernization have grown concomitantly.For example, advances in biotechnology have been used as a tool to increase food production. Specifically, advances in genetic engineering have made possible the manipulation of crops to increase yield, guaranteeing food supplies for the increasing world population. However, transgenic crops have not been well received by all members of society, and there is still uncertainty about their social benefits and the possible implications to human health. Additionally, the benefits of agricultural modernization have favored only developed countries, whereas people living in developing and underdeveloped countries suffer rampant hunger, malnutrition and poverty. Hence, there is a necessity to create policies guaranteeing that the advances in biotechnology are translated into better agricultural practices that can meet the ever-growing food demand. The agricultural modernization process, however, must consider that sustainable development is imperative in modern societies and that there is an increasing desire for consuming so-called organic foods based on the idea that these foods have a higher quality and stimulate regional agricultural production. This review discusses the role of biotechnology throughout history in relation to agricultural production and the development of the food sector.

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Humoral and cellular immune responses in mice after airway administration ofBacillus thuringiensisCry1Ab and MON810cry1Ab-transgenic maize

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Possible health impacts of Bt toxins and residues from spraying with complementary herbicides in genetically engineered soybeans and risk assessment as performed by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA

Possible health impacts of Bt toxins and residues from spraying with complementary herbicides in genetically engineered soybeans and risk assessment as performed by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA

Annual post‐market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in 2014 from Monsanto Europe S.A.

The role of biotechnology in agricultural production and food supply

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