Humoral and Haemocytic Responses of<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>to Cd Exposure

Bautista-Covarrubias, Juan Carlos; Velarde-Montes, Germán J.; Voltolina, Doménico; Parra, Luz María García-de la; Soto-Jiménez, Martín F.; Frías-Espericueta, Martín G.

doi:10.1155/2014/903452

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…6 and Supplementary Tables S2 , S3 , S8 ). The expression of prophenoloxidase and acid phosphatase ( ACP ) were significantly down-regulated ( Supplementary Tables S2 , S3 ), supporting previously biochemical observations that phenoloxidase activity was reduced by Cd and nickel in Litopenaeus vannamei 45 and Scylla serrata 46 respectively, and the activity of the ACP was decreased by Cu in the hepatopancreas of M. rosenbergii 47 . Moreover, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Lectin, cathepsin L and other enzymes in lysosome have been reported to involve and enhance the function of phagocytosis 17 22 43 44 . In our expression profile analyses, cathepsin L , lysozyme , c-type lectin , c-type lectin receptor and GILT were revealed to be significantly up-regulated and enriched when crabs were exposed to Cd ( Figs 4 , 5 , 6 , and Supplementary Tables S2 , S4 , S8 ), suggesting that phagocytosis activity might be induced to remove and clear damaged cells and macromolecules 11 17 45 46 . In contrast, numbers of immune-related genes were down-regulated after Cd exposure ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Transcriptome assembly and expression profiling of molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense

Sun

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious global problem, which causes irreversible toxic effects on animals. Freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense, is a useful environmental indicator since it is widely distributed in benthic habitats whereby it tends to accumulate Cd and other toxicants. However, its molecular responses to Cd toxicity remain unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analyses of its hepatopancreas with and without Cd treatments. A total of 7.78 G clean reads were obtained from the pooled samples, and 68,648 unigenes with an average size of 622 bp were assembled, in which 5,436 were metabolism-associated and 2,728 were stimulus response-associated that include 380 immunity-related unigenes. Expression profile analysis demonstrated that most genes involved in macromolecular metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, detoxification and anti-oxidant defense were up-regulated by Cd exposure, whereas immunity-related genes were down-regulated, except the genes involved in phagocytosis were up-regulated. The current data indicate that Cd exposure alters gene expressions in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, our results provide the first comprehensive S.henanense transcriptome dataset, which is useful for biological and ecotoxicological studies on this crab and its related species at molecular level, and some key Cd-responsive genes may provide candidate biomarkers for monitoring aquatic pollution by heavy metals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Transcriptome assembly and expression profiling of molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense

Sun

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The rest had intermediate values and, as was the case with hemocyanin, there were no significant differences between the final values of the control and those obtained with the different concentrations of Cu (Table 5(A)). In a similar study, Bautista-Covarrubias et al (2014) determined that exposure of L. vannamei juveniles for 96 h to Cd concentrations equitoxic to those of Cu used in this study (1, 10, and 50% the LC 50-96 h) caused significant decreases of hemocyte concentrations and PO activity. Since part of the defensive role of hemocytes is the release of the proPO-activating system from storage granules (Johansson et al 2000), PO to hemocyte ratios were higher with increasing Cd.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Relationships between copper and stress indicators in the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Bautista-Covarrubias

Frías-Espericueta

Velarde-Montes

et al. 2015

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

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Survival, clotting time, hemocyanin concentrations, total hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase activity (PO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (11.7 g) exposed for periods of 5, 48, and 96 h to copper (Cu) concentrations equivalent to 0.008, 1, 10, and 50% of the LC 50-96 h for L. vannamei postlarvae showed that survival was similar in all treatments, but clotting time was significantly higher with the two highest Cu concentrations. Hemocyanin had lower values after 5 h with the two highest Cu concentrations, but this difference disappeared with longer times of exposure. The mean number of hemocytes varied widely but with no clear relation to Cu concentration or period of exposure. Differences in PO were related to period of exposure but not to Cu concentrations. SOD mean values did not show significant variation throughout the experiment. Apart from an increase in clotting time, the overall mean values of the stress indicators used in this study show that this particular shrimp species is relatively unaffected by a concentration of Cu equivalent to 50% of its lethal value. We speculate that this is probably due to previous acclimation to high Cu concentrations in its aquatic environment or a Cu-rich diet.

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“…In L. vannamei exposed to metals, Bautista‐Covarrubias et al () reported a decrease in the proPO as an initial response (when exposed to Cd), but no observed in those exposed to Cu; indicating the metal‐specific response in this decapod. In the present study, the organisms exposed to sublethal metal concentrations apparently did not lose homeostasis, however when interacting with the pathogen, the indicators of immunological responses were affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A significant THC reduction has been reported in WSSV‐infected shrimp (Wang et al, ). In L. vannamei juveniles exposed to Cd, Bautista‐Covarrubias et al () reported a decrease in the THC values, although this relation was not observed when exposed to Cu (Bautista‐Covarrubias et al, ). In the present study, the severe decrease of hemocyte concentrations in the WS and WS‐MM treatments during the third day of exposure might be explained by hemocyte migration as described in the case of severely infected or damaged tissues and organs (van de Braak, Botterblom, Huisman, Rombout, & van der Knaap, ; Vafopoulou, ), increasing the effect due to a possible synergistic response by exposure to metals and WSSV, because metals may affect the dynamic of disease transmission in aquaculture species (Liao et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and immunity responses in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) exposed to sublethal levels of metals

et al. 2018

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To determine if exposure to a sublethal mixture of metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) increases susceptibility to White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles were fed WSSV-infected shrimp tissues after 21 days of exposure to the metal mixture (WS-MM treatment). Other treatments consisted of shrimp not exposed to metals and fed infected tissues (WS), and shrimp fed healthy tissues and exposed (MM) or not exposed to metals (C). The presence of viral DNA and inclusion bodies was detected at 32 hr postinfection (hpi) in the stomach epithelium of shrimp from the WS treatment, and eight hours later in shrimp from the WS-MM treatment, possibly because of an initial negative effect of metals in viral replication. At 40 hpi, the severity of infection represented by the histopathological index increased in both WS and WS-MM treatments, and values were higher in WS-MM than in WS shrimp at the end of the experiment. From 56 hpi to the end of experiment, total hemocyte counts were lower in both WS-MM and WS treatments, and concentrations were particularly low in WS-MM shrimp. Conversely, phenoloxidase activity was higher in the WS-MM treatment from 32 to 56 hpi, suggesting a possible role of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) system in the antiviral defense against WSSV. The presence of heavy metals at sublethal concentrations may increase shrimp susceptibility to WSSV; this is supported by a decrease in circulating hemocytes, an increase in the humoral response, and the development of a higher number of WSSV inclusion bodies. K E Y W O R D S heavy metals, immune responses, Litopenaeus vannamei, proPO activity, WSSV

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Humoral and Haemocytic Responses ofLitopenaeus vannameito Cd Exposure

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Transcriptome assembly and expression profiling of molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense

Transcriptome assembly and expression profiling of molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense

Relationships between copper and stress indicators in the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and immunity responses in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) exposed to sublethal levels of metals

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