Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study

Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Phatak, Sanjeev; Singh, Ritu; Bhattacharjee, Kingshuk; Singh, Nagendra; Gupta, Arvind; Sharma, Arvind

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102424

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, more than 75% of all participants followed up 6 months post second dose still had detectable neutralizing antibody responses to the homologous vaccine SARS-CoV-2 strain (D614G). Another study, comparing COVAXIN ® with Covishield also showed that there was significant decline in antibody titers in Covishield recipients compared to COVAXIN ® recipients at 6-months 21 . Further, 28 days after a booster dose of BBV152 there was a marked increase in titers to higher levels than those achieved after the two-dose primary series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Persistence of immunity and impact of third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against emerging variants

Vadrevu

Ganneru

Reddy

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This is a comprehensive report on immunogenicity of COVAXIN® booster dose against ancestral and Variants of Concern (VOCs) up to 12 months. It is well known that neutralizing antibodies induced by COVID-19 vaccines wane within 6 months of vaccination leading to questions on the effectiveness of two-dose vaccination against breakthrough infections. Therefore, we assessed the persistence of immunogenicity up to 6 months after a two or three-dose with BBV152 and the safety of a booster dose in an ongoing phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04471519). We report persistence of humoral and cell mediated immunity up to 12 months of vaccination, despite decline in the magnitude of antibody titers. Administration of a third dose of BBV152 increased neutralization titers against both homologous (D614G) and heterologous strains (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Delta Plus and Omicron) with a slight increase in B cell memory responses. Thus, seronversion rate remain high in boosted recipients compared to non-booster, even after 6 months, post third dose against variants. No serious adverse events observed, except pain at the injection site, itching and redness. Hence, these results indicate that a booster dose of BBV152 is safe and necessary to ensure persistent immunity to minimize breakthrough infections of COVID-19, due to newly emerging variants.Trial registration: Registered with the Clinical Trials Registry (India) No. CTRI/2021/04/032942, dated 19/04/2021 and on Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04471519.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Persistence of immunity and impact of third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against emerging variants

Vadrevu

Ganneru

Reddy

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…also reported a slightly higher breakthrough infection rate with Covaxin compared to Covishield ( 29 ). However, in the COVAT follow-up studies, breakthrough infection rates were similar for the two vaccines ( 30 ). Incidence rates varied from the high values reported by the Iranian study to the much lower values of 0.57% reported by Basavaraja et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the declines in peak values were just as rapid, so that by the end of 6 months post the second dose, there was a narrowing of the Ab titer gap between the two vaccines. While Covishield showed a peak of almost 100% seropositivity 3 weeks after the second dose, Covaxin showed peak seropositivity of less than 80% ( 30 ). Dash et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivated vaccine Covaxin/BBV152: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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We systematically reviewed and summarized studies focusing on Bharat Biotech’s Whole Virion Inactivated Corona Virus Antigen BBV152 (Covaxin), which is India’s indigenous response to fighting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Studies were searched for data on the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety profile of BBV152. All relevant studies published up to March 22, 2022, were screened from major databases, and 25 studies were eventually inducted into the systematic review. The studies focused on the virus antigen (6 μg) adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide gel and/or Imidazo quinolin gallamide (IMDG), aTLR7/8 agonist. Pre-clinical, phase I, and II clinical trials showed appreciable immunogenicity. Both neutralizing and binding antibody titers were significant and T cell responses were Th1-biased. Phase III trials on the 6 μg +Algel-IMDG formulation showed a 93.4% efficacy against severe COVID-19. Data from the trials revealed an acceptable safety profile with mostly mild-moderate local and systemic adverse events. No serious adverse events or fatalities were seen, and most studies reported milder and lesser adverse events with Covaxin when compared with other vaccines, especially Oxford-Astra Zeneca’s AZD1222 (Covishield). The immunogenicity performance of Covaxin, which provided significant protection only after the second dose, was mediocre and it was consistently surpassed by Covishield. One study reported adjusted effectiveness against symptomatic infection to be just 50% at 2 weeks after the second dose. Nonetheless, appreciable results were seen in previously infected individuals administered both doses. There was some evidence of coverage against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. However, neither Covaxin nor Covishield showed sufficient protection against the Omicron variant. Two studies reported super-additive results on mixing Covaxin with Covishield. Further exploration of heterologous prime-boost vaccination with a combination of an inactivated vaccine and an adenoviral vector-based vaccine for tackling future variants may be beneficial.

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“…Both vaccines showed 5.6 fold decrease in seropositivity rate at 6-month. [27] Chakraborty et al evaluated AEFEs in a study conducted over four months at a select apartment in White eld, Bangalore, India. Researchers found a signi cantly higher number of adverse effects after the rst dose of vaccine A when compared with vaccine B (p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies compared the immunogenic and reactogenic e cacy of vaccines. [13][14][15] The present study compared two vaccines on adverse effects follow immunization (AEFIs) and COVID-19 related outcomes, including the incidence of COVID-19 post-immunization, symptoms, and their severity, hospital admissions, and CT ndings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ChAdOx1-S and BBV152 vaccines – Effectiveness on post-vaccination and COVID-19 outcomes.

Agrawal

Mathur

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background ChAdOx1-S (vaccine A) and BBV152 (vaccine B) vaccines are currently at the forefront of India’s fight against the pandemic. The present study tests the hypothesis that both vaccines are equally efficacious. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at MGM Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India). The study compared vaccine A and B recipients on post-vaccination events and COVID-19 related outcomes. Researchers collected data using questionnaires circulated through Google Forms. The association between attributes was tested using the chi-squared test. The significance level was considered at 5%. Results The vaccines A and B recipients were age and gender-matched [p > 0.05]. The vaccines did not differ significantly in vaccine events and adverse events after immunization (p > 0.05). A comparison of COVID-19 related outcomes between the two vaccines revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, the severity of symptoms was higher in vaccine B recipients than in vaccine A recipients [p = 0.027]. Conclusion The present study concludes that vaccines A and B were similar in efficacy. The most crucial factor revealed by the survey is that the reporting of adverse events was significantly less, and awareness is needed.

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Humoral antibody kinetics with ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield™) and BBV-152 (Covaxin™) vaccine among Indian Healthcare workers: A 6-month longitudinal cross-sectional Coronavirus Vaccine-induced antibody titre (COVAT) study

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Persistence of immunity and impact of third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against emerging variants

Persistence of immunity and impact of third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine against emerging variants

Inactivated vaccine Covaxin/BBV152: A systematic review

ChAdOx1-S and BBV152 vaccines – Effectiveness on post-vaccination and COVID-19 outcomes.

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