Humoral immune response and delayed-type hypersensitivity in rabbits infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum

Abstract

Trypanosoma equiperdum is the causative agent of dourine, a parasitic venereal disease of equids. In this work, rabbits were infected with T. equiperdum strain OVI; serological tests (complement fixation test, ELISA and immunoblotting), used for the diagnosis of dourine in horses, were applied to study rabbit humoral immune response and to characterise T. equiperdum antigen pattern recognised by antibodies from infected rabbits. Moreover a protein extract of T. equiperdum strain OVI was produced and tested in skin tests on infected rabbits to detect the cell-mediated response induced by T. equiperdum, in order to evaluate its use in the field diagnosis of dourine. Sera of infected rabbits recognized in immunoblotting Trypanosoma protein bands with molecular weight below 37 kDa, providing a serological response comparable with that already observed in dourine infected horses. Moreover the trypanosome protein extract was capable to produce in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (DHT Type IV) in rabbits and proved itself to be non-toxic and non-sensitizing.

Medical prospects of cryptosporidiosis in vivo control using biofabricated nanoparticles loaded with Cinnamomum camphora extracts by Ulva fasciata

“…Ten rats divided into five groups were inoculated subcutaneously with 0.5 mL of each new preparation and then kept under observation for 7 days to evaluate toxicity effects, including body weight loss, systemic effects, and behavioral variations (posture, locomotion, awareness of surroundings, reaction to stimulus, and stress indicators as barbering and diarrhea) [33]. Sensitization of the immune system was estimated through a skin test, wherein 0.2 mL of each preparation and physiological solution was inoculated intradermally [33]. Skin reactions were measured at 24 and 48 h post-infection (PI).…”

“…The male rats were divided into nine groups (9 rats/group) (Table -1). The experiment involved infection with 10 5 C. parvum oocysts (a single dose in gastric tubes 1 h before meal) [3,33,34]. Therapeutic doses of C. camphora oil pure extract, AgNPs (50%), and ZnNPs (50%) were 20 µL/kg body weight according to LCD 50 and LCD 90 calculated during in vitro oil and nano preparation characterization.…”