Humoral response in Leishmaniasis

Conde, Luciana; Maciel, Gabriela; Assis, Gustavo Meira de; Freire-de-Lima, Leonardo; Nico, Dirlei; Vale, Andre M.; Freire-de-Lima, Célio Geraldo; Morrot, Alexandre

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.1063291

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Leishmaniases typically cause immune-mediated disorders (e.g., immune-complex-associated pathology), in which the first interactions of the parasite with cells and receptors of innate immunity play a role into the outcome of the infection (14). Nodlike receptor (NLR) family proteins are crucial sensors of microorganisms in innate immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-pathogenic protozoon Leishmania tarentolae interferes with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human cells: new perspectives in the control of inflammation

La Rosa,

Varotto-Boccazzi,

Saresella

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundInnate immune responses against infectious agents can act as triggers of inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, various pathogens have developed mechanisms for the evasion of the immune response, based on an inhibition of innate immunity and inflammatory responses. Inflammatory diseases could thus be controlled through the administration of pathogens or pathogen-derived molecules, capable of interfering with the mechanisms at the basis of inflammation. In this framework, the NLRP3 inflammasome is an important component in innate antimicrobial responses and a major player in the inflammatory disease. Parasites of the genus Leishmania are master manipulators of innate immune mechanisms, and different species have been shown to inhibit inflammasome formation. However, the exploitation of pathogenic Leishmania species as blockers of NLRP3-based inflammatory diseases poses safety concerns.MethodsTo circumvent safety issues associated with pathogenic parasites, we focused on Leishmania tarentolae, a species of Leishmania that is not infectious to humans. Because NLRP3 typically develops in macrophages, in response to the detection and engulfment microorganisms, we performed our experiments on a monocyte-macrophage cell line (THP-1), either wild type or knockout for ASC, a key component of NLRP3 formation, with determination of cytokines and other markers of inflammation.ResultsL. tarentolae was shown to possess the capability of dampening the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the consequent expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, with minor differences compared to effects of pathogenic Leishmania species.ConclusionThe non-pathogenic L. tarentolae appears a promising pro-biotic microbe with anti-inflammatory properties or a source of immune modulating cellular fractions or molecules, capable of interfering with the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-pathogenic protozoon Leishmania tarentolae interferes with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human cells: new perspectives in the control of inflammation

La Rosa,

Varotto-Boccazzi,

Saresella

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Dentre as doenças parasitárias, algumas se destacam pelo seu potencial de transmissão, virulência e patogenicidade, a exemplo da leishmaniose (Conde et al, 2022), doença de Chagas (Almeida et al, 2021), esquistossomose (Santo et al, 2022) e malária (Mazumder & Lee, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Comportamento epidemiológico da doença de Chagas no Brasil: impactos e perspectivas para prevenção da transmissão oral

Lima

Coêlho

et al. 2023

RSD

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A doença de Chagas persiste como uma importante parasitose que afeta a humanidade, sendo classicamente transmitida por excrementos de triatomíneos, as quais são depositadas na pele durante a hematofagia, permitindo assim a penetração de formas evolutivas do protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi. Tal via de transmissão tem sido sobreposta pela transmissão oral, haja vista diversos fatores, dentre os quais o controle de populações de triatomíneos e melhorias habitacionais, bem como o aumento do consumo de alimentos, com destaque para frutas amazônicas, à exemplo do açaí. Sendo assim, objetivou-se demonstrar e discutir a relevância da transmissão da doença de Chagas por via oral, e investigar aspectos relacionados a esse processo, de forma a suscitar possíveis estratégias para minimizá-la. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo transversal retrospectivo em um período de 10 anos (2011-2020) com abordagem quantitativa, por meio da coleta e processamento de dados disponibilizados em sites governamentais. Observou-se que a via de transmissão oral persiste como a principal forma de aquisição da DCO no Brasil, como maior incidência de casos na região Norte, provavelmente por se tratar de uma região tradicionalmente produtora e consumidora de frutas amazônicas, como açaí e cupuaçu. Destaca-se neste sentido a importância de implantar métodos e estratégias de prevenção voltadas para os processos extrativos e de beneficiamento de frutas amazônicas e de outros alimentos potencialmente contamináveis por excreções de triatomíneos, a exemplo da introdução ou do reforço da adesão a técnicas de esterilização de alimentos como o branqueamento e a high isostatic pressure - HIP.

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“…Essas células fagocitam as promastigotas e produzem fatores microbicidas contra as Leishmania, como o óxido nítrico, elastaseneutrofílica (NE), fator ativador de plaquetas e armadilhas extracelulares de neutrófilos (49). Eles são atraídos por quimioatração, impulsionada por componentes pró-inflamatórios presentes na saliva do inseto vetor (50).…”

Section: Imunidade Inataunclassified

“…No entanto, para sobreviver nos ambientes hostis ao longo do seu ciclo de vida, as Leishmania spp. expressam moléculas únicas, como os glicoinositolfosfolipídeos (GIPLs), que são glicoconjugados reconhecidos como componentes principais da superfície do parasita, além do lipofosfoglicano (LPG) e da metaloprotease GP63 (50).…”

Section: Imunidade Inataunclassified

“…Apesar de os títulos elevados de anticorpos anti-Leishmania serem característicos das formas viscerais da doença, a ativação policlonal de células B durante a infecção pode agravar a condição. No entanto, as células B têm a capacidade de modular a resposta imune por meio de mecanismos independentes de anticorpos, como a apresentação de antígenos e a secreção de citocinas e quimiocinas (50).…”

Section: Imunidade Adaptativaunclassified

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Avaliação imune e parasitológica da infecção experimental múltipla por promastigotas de Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum em camundongos BALB/c wild type e knockout de IFN-Î³

Freitas

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Freitas FRN. Immune and parasitological evaluation of experimental multiple infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum promastigotes in BALB/c wild type and IFNγ knockout mice. [dissertation]. São Paulo: "Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo"; 2023. Leishmaniases are a group of tropical diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania sp. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form and can be fatal if left untreated. VL mainly affects children, adults over 50 years old, individuals with comorbidities, or immunosuppressed individuals. The majority of VL cases occur in Brazil, East Africa, and India. Transmission is carried out by sandflies, with dogs acting as the main sources of infection for these vectors. Many infected individuals remain asymptomatic, indicating an effective immune response. This study aims to understand how this effective immune response functions in asymptomatic VL patients. This is important for developing vaccines and effective treatments. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of multiple infections on parasite load in mice. To do this, we assessed how different quantities of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum promastigotes inocula influence experimental infection.Initially, we standardized the model using wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice. The animals were randomly assigned to three groups, respectively named Control Group, G1 Group, and G2 Group. Control Group animals remained uninfected, while G1 Group animals were subjected to a single inoculation containing 1x10 7 L. (L) infantum promastigotes. G2 Group animals, on the other hand, were subjected to four similar inoculations. Subsequently, for analysis and comparison between groups, the sample size was increased. Additionally, to investigate the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), knockout mice for this gene (GKO) were included in the study and distributed into groups similar to the WT model. After 30 days of infection, the animals were euthanized, and biological samples (tail blood, total blood, spleen, liver) were collected. We used real-time PCR to measure parasite density (parasites/mg of proteins) in the organs. We conducted serological assays, including conventional ELISA (ELISAc) for anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies, and dissociative ELISA (ELISAd) for circulating immune complexes (CIC). We used flow cytometry to analyze lymphocytes. We also examined tissues through hematoxylin and eosin-stained microscopy. It was observed that a single dose of L.(L) infantum promastigotes is more effective in inducing liver and spleen infection compared to multiple doses. This resulted in lower production of specific antibodies and was not influenced by IFN-γ. The study also established a measure of parasite density in the organs, allowing for the quantification of L. (L) infantum infection in BALB/c mice. With repeated weekly inocula, lower tissue infection was observed, along with increased antibody production and increased antibody-producing cells in the mice. The absence of IFN-γ did not affect single infect...

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Humoral response in Leishmaniasis

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

The non-pathogenic protozoon Leishmania tarentolae interferes with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human cells: new perspectives in the control of inflammation

The non-pathogenic protozoon Leishmania tarentolae interferes with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human cells: new perspectives in the control of inflammation

Comportamento epidemiológico da doença de Chagas no Brasil: impactos e perspectivas para prevenção da transmissão oral

Avaliação imune e parasitológica da infecção experimental múltipla por promastigotas de Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum em camundongos BALB/c wild type e knockout de IFN-Î³

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