Hunger increases delay discounting of food and non-food rewards

Skrynka, Jordan; Vincent, Ben

doi:10.31234/osf.io/qgp54

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, in certain bodily states, forfeiting immediate rewards can have negative long-term consequences. For instance, missing out on food in a hungry state [5] can increase the risk of starvation [1], which may profoundly hamper future prospects. Short-sightedness may hence address urgent dietary requirements at the expense of long-term opulence [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of the vagus nerve reduces learning in a go/no-go reinforcement learning task

Kühnel

Teckentrup

Neuser

et al. 2020

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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When facing decisions to approach rewards or to avoid punishments, we often figuratively go with our gut, and the impact of metabolic states such as hunger on motivation are well documented. However, whether and how vagal feedback signals from the gut influence instrumental actions is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) vs. sham (randomized cross-over design) on approach and avoidance behavior using an established go/nogo reinforcement learning paradigm (Guitart-Masip et al., 2012) in 39 healthy, participants after an overnight fast. First, mixed-effects logistic regression analysis of choice accuracy showed that tVNS acutely impaired decision-making, p = .045.Computational reinforcement learning models identified the cause of this as a reduction in the learning rate through tVNS (∆α = -0.092, pboot = .002), particularly after punishment (∆αPun = -0.081, pboot = .012 vs. ∆αRew = -0.031, p = .22). However, tVNS had no effect on go biases, Pavlovian response biases or response time. Hence, tVNS appeared to influence learning rather than action execution. These results highlight a novel role of vagal afferent input in modulating reinforcement learning by tuning the learning rate according to homeostatic needs..

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of the vagus nerve reduces learning in a go/no-go reinforcement learning task

Kühnel

Teckentrup

Neuser

et al. 2020

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…It has also been shown in a number of studies that words processed with their survival relevance in-mind are remembered better than in the context of several other instructions (Kang et al, 2008;Nairne et al, , 2007Soderstrom & McCabe, 2011;Weinstein et al, 2008). Food stimuli, briefly discussed as being used in both studies of emotion and reward, have also been studied in their own right as a means of probing motivational processes, particularly with interest in timevarying differences in motivation through satiation (Radel & Clément-Guillotin, 2012;Skrynka & Vincent, 2017;Wagner et al, 2012) and other measures of physiological homeostasis (Padulo et al, 2017;Tiedemann et al, 2017).…”

Section: Other Motivational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivated Cognition: Effects of Reward, Emotion, and Other Motivational Factors Across a Variety of Cognitive Domains

Madan

2017

Collabra: Psychology

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A growing body of literature has demonstrated that motivation influences cognitive processing. The breadth of these effects is extensive and span influences of reward, emotion, and other motivational processes across all cognitive domains. As examples, this scope includes studies of emotional memory, value-based attentional capture, emotion effects on semantic processing, reward-related biases in decision making, and the role of approach/avoidance motivation on cognitive scope. Additionally, other less common forms of motivation-cognition interactions, such as self-referential and motoric processing can also be considered instances of motivated cognition. Here I outline some of the evidence indicating the generality and pervasiveness of these motivation influences on cognition, and introduce the associated 'research nexus' at Collabra: Psychology.

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“…In some countries, the law requires adjusting work schedules (Shas, n.d.). Future research could further investigate the impact of fasting on timediscounting (Skrynka & Vincent, 2017), risk-taking (Rad & Ginges, 2017) or on decisions in other domains (Strang et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2015). Ramadan also provides an apt setting for policy-related questions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Ramadan Induced Scarcity Mindset

Ms¹,

Ansarinia²,

Shafir³

2020

Preprint

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Every year, during the month of Ramadan, people of Muslim faith fast by not eating or drinking between sunrise and sunset. This is likely to have physiological and psychological consequences for the individuals who fast, as well as societal and economic impacts on the wider population. Here, we investigate whether this type of fasting influences fasters’ cognition through a scarcity mindset. In Study 1, we find that during Ramadan but not after, preceding questions about food undermine fasting subjects’ accuracy and reaction times on a subsequent cognitive control task. Study 2 shows that food-related probes impair cognitive control in the fasters who had a meal within the past eight hours. Beyond eight hours, control and food-reminded subjects both perform poorly. Implications for research on cognition under scarcity are discussed.

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Hunger increases delay discounting of food and non-food rewards

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Stimulation of the vagus nerve reduces learning in a go/no-go reinforcement learning task

Stimulation of the vagus nerve reduces learning in a go/no-go reinforcement learning task

Motivated Cognition: Effects of Reward, Emotion, and Other Motivational Factors Across a Variety of Cognitive Domains

A Ramadan Induced Scarcity Mindset

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