Nine new limonoids, meliazedarines A−I (1−9), seven known analogues (10−16), and five known triterpenoids (17−21) were isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compound 7 showed significant cytotoxicity against the HCT116 cell line with IC 50 values of 0.3 ± 0.1 μM.A deciduous tree of the Meliaceae family, Melia azedarach, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. 1 The fruits, twigs, and bark of M. azedarach have been used for the treatment of anthelmintic, ulcer, leprosy, and helminthiasis in China for a long time. 2−4 Previous phytochemical investigations of plants from this genus led to the isolation of triterpenoids, limonoids, steroids, flavonoids, lignans, and fatty acids. 4−6 The triterpenoids and limonoids exhibited diverse bioactivities, such as antifeedant, insecticidal, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity activities. 3−5,7−9 In a search for structurally unique and biologically interesting natural products from traditional Chinese medicines, nine new limonoids, meliazedarines A−I (1−9), seven known analogues (10−16), and five known triterpenoids (17− 21), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fruits of M. azedarach (Figure 1). The new structures and their absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and ECD data. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against BEL7402, HCT116, A549, U251, and HT29 cell lines. Compounds 7 and 17 displayed significant cytotoxicity against the HCT116 cell line with IC 50 values of 0.3 ± 0.1 and 5.9 ± 0.4 μM, respectively. Herein, we report the isolation, structural elucidation, and cytotoxicity of these compounds.