Hunting in Brazil: What are the options?

Bragagnolo, Chiara; Gama, Gabriela M.; Vieira, Felipe A.S.; Campos‐Silva, João Vitor; Bernard, Enrico; Malhado, Ana C. M.; Correia, Ricardo A.; Jepson, Paul; Carvalho, Sérgio H. C.; Efe, Márcio Amorim; Ladle, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2019.03.001

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Especially in Brazil, the invisibility of the role of hunting in the food sovereignty of rural communities [49], together with a fragmented and ambiguous system of norms, has made it difficult to regulate hunting in the country [118,119]. The need for studies that convey the social practices and its concrete dimensions in which hunting takes place and the set of knowledge it embodies appears even more pressing under these circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnography, ethnobiology and natural history: narratives on hunting and ecology of mammals among quilombolas from Southeast Brazil

Prado

Silva

Schlindwein

et al. 2020

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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Background: As a leading practice of Homo sapiens' environmental experience for hundreds of millennia, hunting continues to evoke key research inquiries in the fields of archaeology, human ecology, and conservation biology. Broadly speaking, hunting has been mainly a subject of qualitative-symbolic and quantitative-materialistic schemata of analyze, among anthropologists and biologists, respectively. However, the phenomenological dimension of the hunting experience, in the course of individuals`everyday life, received little academic attention until this century. This study analyzes the daily praxis of hunting among quilombolas (descendants from runaway African slaves) in Southeast Brazil, making use of an ethnographic approach of phenomenological orientation, which dialogue with central ethnobiological issues. The authors also report the local ecological knowledge about mammals hunted in the area, and its relationship to the scientific literature on this subject.Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, the authors made use of participant observation and informal interviews among eight key local participants, in three quilombola communities in the Ribeira Valley (São Paulo, Brazil). Fragments of authors' field notes and parts of interviewers' speeches make up the core results obtained.Results: Articulating local knowledge to scientific literature, this study yielded a hybrid and comprehensive narrative about natural history of the mammals in the area. The authors also accessed elementary aspects of research participants' experience in hunting, such as strategies, tactics, motivations, and feelings. They reveal a set of human behavior dispositions that seems to emerge only in the context of the action, modulating the praxis of hunting on the course of individuals' everyday life.Conclusion: Ethnography, ethnobiology, and natural sciences backgrounds were systematically articulated in this research. This made possible to get a contextualized and multifaceted understanding of hunting praxis in the Ribeira Valley, an important socioenvironmental context of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The role of an ethnographic approach applied to ethnoecological and biological conservation issues is especially considered here.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnography, ethnobiology and natural history: narratives on hunting and ecology of mammals among quilombolas from Southeast Brazil

Prado

Silva

Schlindwein

et al. 2020

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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“…Hunting is an activity deeply rooted in cultural and social traditions ( Castilho et al, 2017 ). In Brazil, poaching is widespread throughout the territory ( Bragagnolo et al, 2019 ), but in the Brazilian semiarid region (Caatinga domain), this activity becomes even more dramatic. Given the adverse conditions of Caatinga, rural populations have developed a strong relationship and dependence on natural resources, and poaching intensity is high and occurs since human occupation in the region, which has endangered the persistence and even caused local extinctions of some species ( Alves et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using an occupancy approach to identify poaching hotspots in protected areas in a seasonally dry tropical forest

Dias

Ferreguetti

Rodrigues

2020

Biological Conservation

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Poaching activity has been described in the literature as harmful due to impacts on biodiversity, especially in protected areas. Although the main reason for this activity is subsistence, in many regions motivation goes beyond the limits of food necessity. We applied single-species, single season occupancy models to evaluate the spatial distribution of poachers and identify potential poaching hotspots in a mosaic of protected areas in the Caatinga domain, northeastern Brazil. We used camera-traps over a period of 200 days at 60 sites randomly selected. We used distances from human settlements, roads and the nearest water holes, frequency of game species and sampling effort as covariables that could influence poachers' occupancy and detectability and to identify potential poaching areas. Occupancy poachers were higher in sites with higher frequency of game species. Frequency of game species and distance from roads had a negative effect on the detectability of poachers. Spatial analysis indicated three critical poaching areas within and around the Boqueirão da Onça National Park, associated with roads and some isolated cattle and goat farms. In this study, we provided an assessment of poaching spatial patterns in relation to different landscape elements and biotic influences, indicating critical areas where enforcement efforts should be focused. Hotspots are clearly concentrated within and on the edge of National Park. The approach presented here to identify poaching hotspots is effective and economical, and therefore may be applied in other protected and non-protected areas throughout the world.

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“…Ingestion and deposition by livestock is not required for Prosopis seeds to germinate, but it improves seed germination, seedling performance and long-distance seed dispersal of this plant as it has a patchy distribution and no native vertebrate species have been found to disperse P. juliflora seeds in the Caatinga region. Seed dispersal by native ungulates (i.e., dears, Mazama americana Erxleben, 1777 and Mazama gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)) is theoretically possible but large vertebrates have been intensively extirpated in the Caatinga region ( Bragagnolo et al, 2019 ; De Oliveira et al, 2019 ). Caatinga supports nearly 30 million cattle, goats and mules ( Sampaio & Costa, 2011 ; Santos et al, 2017 ) as a large number of active seed dispersers which spread through diverse habitat types, from old-growth forest stands to degraded areas ( Sampaio & Costa, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive speciesProsopis juliflora(Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest

Nascimento

Leal

Tavares³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Biological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early seedling performance and consequently the P. juliflora invasive potential. Methods Seed germination, early seedling survival, life expectancy and soil attributes were examined in 10 plots located across three habitats (flooding plain, alluvial terrace and plateau) into a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest (a total of 12,000 seeds). Seeds were exposed to four seed dispersal methods: deposition on the soil surface, burial in the soil, passed through cattle (Boss taurus) digestive tracts and mixed with cattle manure and passed through mule (Equus africanus asinus × Equus ferus caballus) digestive tracts and mixed with mule manure. Seeds and seedlings were monitored through a year and their performance examined with expectancy tables. Results Soils differed among habitats, particularly its nutrient availability, texture and water with finely-textured and more fertile soils in the flooding plain. Total seed germination was relatively low (14.5%), with the highest score among seeds buried in the flooding plain (47.4 ± 25.3%). Seed dispersal by cattle and mule also positively impacted seed germination. Early seedling survival rate of P. juliflora was dramatically reduced with few seedlings still alive elapsed a year. Survival rate was highest in the first 30 days and declined between 30 and 60 days with stabilization at 70 days after germination in all seed treatments and habitats. However, survival and life expectancy were higher in the flooding plain at 75 days and lower in the plateau. Prosopis juliflora seedling survival and life expectancy were higher in the case seeds were mixed with cattle manure. Synthesis Prosopis juliflora seeds and seedlings are sensitive to water stress and habitat desiccation. Therefore, they benefit from the humid soils often present across human-disturbed flooding plains. This plant also benefits from seed deposition/dispersal by livestock in these landscapes, since cattle manure represents a nutrient-rich and humid substrate for both seeds and seedlings. The quality of the seed dispersal service varies among livestock species, but this key mutualism between exotic species is due to the arillate, hard-coated and palatable seeds. Prosopis juliflora traits allow this species to take multiple benefits from human presence and thus operating as a human commensal.

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Hunting in Brazil: What are the options?

Cited by 40 publications

References 87 publications

Ethnography, ethnobiology and natural history: narratives on hunting and ecology of mammals among quilombolas from Southeast Brazil

Ethnography, ethnobiology and natural history: narratives on hunting and ecology of mammals among quilombolas from Southeast Brazil

Using an occupancy approach to identify poaching hotspots in protected areas in a seasonally dry tropical forest

Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive speciesProsopis juliflora(Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest

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