Hutchinson's teeth and early treatment of congenital syphilis.

Bernfeld, W. K.

doi:10.1136/sti.47.1.54

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Dental stigmata such as Hutchinson's incisor and mulberry molar, which result from severe stomatitis and rhinitis in the first year of life (Bernfeld, 1970;Cook, 1994), are very important for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis in archaeological populations (Anderson, 1939;Putkonen, 1962;Fiumara & Lessell, 1970;Steinbock, 1976;Jacobi et al, 1992;Cook, 1994;Hillson et al, 1998;Ortner, 2003).…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A pre-Columbian case of congenital syphilis from Anatolia (Nicaea, 13th century AD)

Erdal

2006

Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.

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In this study, the skeleton of an approximately 15-year-old child, dating back to the Late Byzantine period (13th century AD) is examined with the aim of determining where this specimen fits in the continuing arguments on the origins of syphilis. It was unearthed during an excavation at an amphitheatre in Nicaea dating to the Roman period. The Nicaea specimen displays common symptoms found in the majority of people with congenital syphilis such as Hutchinson's incisor, mulberry molar, darkened enamel, radial scar on frontal bone, sabre tibia, syphilitic dactylitis, and gummatous and non-gummatous osteomyelitis on almost every post-cranial bone. Because of the sub-periosteal new bone formation, the medullary spaces in some long bones are narrowed or completely obliterated. These lesions, which were observed via macroscopic and radiological examination, reflect the late stages of congenital syphilis. The specimen, when examined together with increasing numbers of other finds from the Old World, contributes to the argument that venereal syphilis did exist in the Old World before 1493, and brings forward the need to revise the Columbian hypothesis, which maintains that syphilis is a new disease carried to the Old World from the New World by Columbus' crew.

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Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A pre-Columbian case of congenital syphilis from Anatolia (Nicaea, 13th century AD)

Erdal

2006

Int. J. Osteoarchaeol.

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“…In many papers, this defect was associated with Moon's molars, which are described as smaller and more dome-shaped than usual (Hillson et al 1998;Hutchinson and Richman 2006). However, it is known that Moon's molars do not always accompany syphilis; on average they occur in one out of three patients, which means that in only 30-50% of cases of syphilis do the teeth show considerable deviation from the normal state (Horne 1953;Putkonen and Paatero 1961;Bernfeld 1971). Mulberry molars indicate serious disorders of the amelogenic organ as early as in the prenatal or perinatal periods (Hillson et al 1998;2002;Ortner 2003;Erdal 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Congenital syphilis in the skeleton of a child from Poland (Radom, 18th–19th century AD)

Tomczyk

Mańkowska-Pliszka

Palczewski

et al. 2015

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An incomplete skeleton of a 3-year-old child with suspected congenital syphilis was found in the Radom area of Poland. Squama frontalis and zygomatic bones are characterized by significant bone loss. Radiographic pictures show a geographic destructive lesion of a serpiginous shape surrounded by a zone of reactive osteosclerosis in the squama frontalis. The radiographic findings included a slight widening and contour irregularities of the distal humeral metaphyses. The appearance of teeth did not suggest Hutchinson teeth, but the examination of the permanent molars showed signs of mulberry molars. Two teeth were tested for the presence of mercury. Chemical analysis did not indicate mercury accumulation (enamel: 0.07 µg/g, dentine: 0.14 µg/g, bone: 0.11 µg/g). Mercury values obtained for the examined samples were similar to those that are typical of healthy teeth in today's individuals.

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“…Patients with congenital syphilis may also have mulberry molars, which are first molars dwarfed by a small occlusal surface, and are characterized by roughened lobulated hypoplastic enamel leading to caries. 8 The surface has numerous poorly formed cusps surmounting a dome-shaped tooth, which is considerably narrower at the grinding surface than at its base (Fig 3). Management of the dental abnormalities can hide the obvious notched teeth.…”

Section: Congenital Syphilismentioning

confidence: 98%