HVDC network: Wind power integration and creation of super grid

A critical review of voltage and reactive power management of wind farms

“…For large non grid connected wind farms where the requirement of reactive power is more, as well as the transmission losses are high, the authors [81][82][83][84] has considered the use of HVDC in PMSG wind farm where DC architecture is most suited. In [81], the authors proposed PMW rectifier and DC voltage is boosted up to several hundred of kilovolt.…”

“…For multi terminal HVDC, control droop design was used [83]. The effect has been worked out on HVDC network, for loss of AC network [84] and it is observed that there is no significance difference of loss of AC network over transient stability on DC network. In study in AC/DC hybrid system of Shandong province [85] it was lastly concluded that LVRT is compulsory requirement for wind farm.…”

“…The third category [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] is an energy storage system for weak grid and hybrid wind farm for mitigation of reactive power requirements. The fourth category [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] is wind farm integration with the grid and use of HVDC for off grid wind farms. The final and fifth category [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] specifies reactive power management with other works say use of the control algorithm, primary voltage converter, secondary voltage converter, controllers, etc., however, some publications include more than one category and have been classified based on their dominant field.…”

Hybrid converter with ac side cascaded H‐bridge cells against H‐bridge alternative arm modular multilevel converter: steady‐state and dynamic performance

“…Recent developments in voltage source converters for high‐voltage dc transmission systems aim to lower conversion losses (switching and on‐state), improve ac side voltage and current waveforms, reduce voltage stressing on converter transformers (d v /d t ), increase converter dc operating voltage and power handling capability and reduce system vulnerability to ac and dc network faults [1–5]. In addition, converter footprint reduction has become increasingly important in an attempt to reduce visual impact and platform costs in offshore applications [6–8].…”